Tourism Development in China

Tourism is a burgeoning industry in China. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), 57.6 million foreign visitors entered the country in 2011, generating over $40 billion dollars in revenue. China is now the third most visited country in the world, behind only France and the United States. However, unlike many other developed economies, tourism is still considered a relatively new phenomenon in China. As the country industrializes, tourism will become one of its primary and fastest growing economic sectors. Based on current UNWTO forecasts, China is expected to become the worlds most visited country by 2020. History of Tourism Development in China Shortly after the Chairmans death, Chinas most famous economic reformist, Deng Xiaoping, opened up the Middle Kingdom to outsiders. Contrary to Maoist ideology, Deng saw the monetary potential in tourism and began to promote it intensely. China quickly developed its own travel industry. Major hospitality and transportation facilities were constructed or renovated. New jobs such as service personnel and professional guides were created, and a National Tourism Association was established. Foreign visitors quickly flocked to this once forbidden destination. In 1978, an estimated 1.8 million tourists entered the country, with the majority coming from neighboring British Hong Kong, Portuguese Macau, and Taiwan. By 2000, China welcomed over 10 million new overseas visitors, excluding the aforementioned three locations. Tourists from Japan, South Korea, Russia, and the United States comprised the largest share of that inbound population. During the 1990s, the Chinese central government also issued several policies to encourage the Chinese to travel domestically, as a means of stimulating consumption. In 1999, over 700 million trips were made by domestic tourists. Outbound tourism by Chinese citizens recently become popular, as well. This is due to a rise in the Chinese middle-class. The pressure presented by this new class of citizens with disposable income has caused the government to ease international travel restrictions greatly. By the end of 1999, fourteen countries, mainly in Southeast and East Asia, were made designated overseas destinations for Chinese residents. Today, over a hundred countries have made it onto Chinas approved destination list, including the United States and many European countries. Since the reform, Chinas tourism industry has registered consistent growth year-after-year. The only period in which the country experienced a decline in inbound numbers are the months following the 1989 Tiananmen Square Massacre. The brutal military crackdown of peaceful pro-democracy protestors painted a poor image of the Peoples Republic to the international community. Many travelers ended up avoiding China based on fear and personal morals. Tourism Development in Modern China When China joined the WTO in 2001, travel restrictions in the country were relaxed further. The WTO reduced formalities and barriers for cross-border travelers, and global competition helped cut costs. These changes additionally enhanced Chinas position as a country for financial investment and international business. The rapidly developing business environment has helped the tourism industry prosper. Many businessmen and entrepreneurs often visit popular sites while on their business trips. Some economists also believe the Olympic Games fostered an increase in tourism numbers due to worldwide exposure. The Beijing Games not only put The Birds Nest and Water Cube on center stage but some of Beijings most incredible wonders were displayed as well. Moreover, the opening and closing ceremonies showcased to the world Chinas rich culture and history. Shortly after the conclusion of the games, Beijing held a Tourism Industry Development Conference to present new plans to boost profits by riding the games momentum. At the conference, a multi-year plan was set in place to increase the number of inbound tourists by seven percent. To realize this goal, the government plan on taking a series of measures, including stepping up tourism promotion, develop more leisure facilities, and reduce air pollution. A total of 83 leisure tourism projects were presented to potential investors. These projects and goals, along with the countrys continued modernization will undoubtedly set the touri sm industry on a path of continuous growth into the foreseeable future. Tourism in China has received a major expansion since the days under Chairman Mao. It is no longer uncommon to see the country on the cover of a Lonely Planet or Frommers. Travel memoirs about the Middle Kingdom are on bookstore shelves everywhere, and travelers from all over are now able to share a personal photo of their Asian adventures with the world. It is not surprising that the tourism industry would thrive so well in China. The country is filled with endless wonders. From the Great Wall to the Terracotta Army, and from sprawling mountain valleys to neon metropolises, there is something here for everyone. Forty years ago, no one could have ever predicted how much wealth this country was capable of generating. Chairman Mao certainly didnt see it. And he definitely did not foresee the irony that preceded his death. It is amusing how the man who detested tourism would one day become a tourist attraction, as a preserved body on display for capitalistic gains. References Wen, Julie. Tourism and Chinas Development: Policies, Regional Economic Growth and Ecotourism. River Edge, NJ: World Scientific Publishing Co. 2001.

Manifesto about Street Art - 1312 Words

Art became an integral and most crucial thing in lives of most people. It helps people to represent their feelings through their art works, whereas other people are using art in order to get profit. People are learning arts in schools and universities and using it in their lives for different proposes. However, art seems to be good for all people, there is only one type of it which is usually not welcomed in countries - ‘Street art’. According to Johan Slogan, ‘Nowadays art’ (2010, 13-14), street art known to us as a â€Å"graffiti† is a way of representing feelings by people from lower class who were discriminated or have their own opinions for situation in the world. Street art has been declared as vandalism prohibited in most developed†¦show more content†¦Passing painted streets I often wonder why most people think that graffiti is vandalism? In my opinion, professionally made graffiti is very beautiful. Graffiti is very popular throughout the world. If it s done by really talented person , the pattern may become a work of art. Let s start with the fact that graffiti transforms abandoned buildings , fences , telephone booths . Drawings must be drawn on an old , dirty and ruined walls. It would be nice if we could have a special place for graffiti. In addition, graffiti artists want to be heard , and they are trying to explain something to people . Painting a picture , artists express themselves . They want to decorate this gray and boring world . In addition , there are some famous unusual paintings that are made by the best artists . When people look at these colorful pictures on the buildings , they think of something warm and good. Of course sometimes artists go beyond, but almost every graffiti has a deep meaning, and more often the picture on the wall is the best way to arrange protest. Or do you really think that strike is better than draw on the walls? â€Å"Imagine a city where graffiti wasn t illegal, a city where everybody drew whatever they liked. Where every street was awash with a million colours and littleShow MoreRelatedEducation Vs Horace Mann1401 Words   |  6 PagesPrimarily, both Geoffrey Canada and Horace Mann share similar views on school tuition, and believe that college education should be tuition-free and available to the entire general public. In Horace Mann’s â€Å"Communist Manifesto†, he writes about the 10 planks of the Communist Manifesto, which are the steps needed to create a communist socialist state. Written in the 10th and final plank, Marx preaches â€Å"Free education for all children in public schools† (). He later writes that the tuition free educationalRead MoreThe Contemporary Design Practice And Theories Of Consumerism And / Or Sustainability2351 Words   |  10 Pages7. 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Biofeedback paper free essay sample

In today’s fast-paced life one can not help but think that people are always confronted by various kinds of stress from work, school, from everyday routine, or even going from one class to another.   Because of everyday stressors and tensions, people get tired, worn out, torn apart from the supposedly normal state of living. This paper is aimed at looking at biofeedback as people’s way of coping up with stresses everyday.   It shall look at the many advantages of biofeedback, its principles and how it affects the body as well as its use as an intervention for clients with mind-body malaise. Biofeedback is based on the principle that if we can learn to become aware of some body function of which we normally overlook, then we can learn to control that function. Technical biofeedback implies the use of sophisticated instruments that can measure brainwave activity, blood pressure level, skin temperature and heart rate. We will write a custom essay sample on Biofeedback paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jeanne Achterberg reports that every clinical function that can be measured can be brought under control. (Achterberg, 1985, p. 196). The brain generates electrical rhythms that occur in four groups, each of which can be correlated with a state of awareness or particular brain activity. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Beta waves – Beta waves are the normal working rhythm of the brain; they are faster and indicate more frenetic activity. A relaxed person shows very little beta. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Alpha waves – Alpha waves are building blocks for higher levels of awareness. In conjunction with theta, they indicate a calming down or emptying of the mind, usually with physical relaxation. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Theta waves – These occur during creative inspiration and meditation. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Delta waves – This is the rhythm of sleep, but they are found in many people in response to new ideas. Among those who pioneered biofeedback techniques were Elmer and Alyce Green, who wrote the definitive book, Beyond Biofeedback, in 1975. Biofeedback techniques were also pioneered by Dr. Joe Kamiya in San Francisco. He monitored a subject’s alpha rhythms with an EKG (electroencephalogram) device. When alpha rhythms were being generated to a feeling of well-bring, and most subjects could learn to turn it on or off. In addition to the EEG to measure brain waves, biofeedback also uses the ESR (electrical skin resistance meter), which indicates physical arousal and relaxation. This is connected to the palm of the hand, and the meter readings to relate to the behavior of the autonomic system. The rate of blood flow varies with body tone and causes change of polarization of the sweat gland membranes. The polarization varies according to how tense or relaxed we are. The reactions which make us tense or relaxed are reflected in the fight or flight response or in the relaxation response. Stress increases the blood pressure and heart rate, the amount of muscle tension, and oxygen usage. Relaxation increases circulation to skin and organs and lowers heart rate and muscle tension. Using the data from both the EEG machine and ESR device, beta rhythms and low skin resistance accompany panic states while alpha rhythms and high skin resistance indicate relaxed states. Separating physical and mental states is the purpose of many medication techniques. Thus, we can have a relaxed body and an alert mind when we need to or an active body and a relaxed mind.    Manifestations of Anxiety Everyone in a variety of ways experiences anxiety. At times, we are acutely aware of its presence. On other occasions it affects us unconsciously. Often we mask or disguise its presence, to others and to ourselves. Ernest Hemingway noted that many bullfighters are prone to frequent yawning prior to entering the bullring. Some people complain of being bored at times when she might appropriately have been distressed. Disguising anxiety only helps to keep people from recognizing the cause. The anxiety is still there. The manifestations of anxiety are limitless. Suffice it to say that ll the major pathways of expression—affective, motoric, somatic and cognitive—are used at different times by all of us in our encounters with anxiety. In the affective realm anxiety varies from a mild form of uneasiness to worrying to nameless panic.   Approaches to the Biofeedback Intervention Biofeedback has been used effectively to teach subjects to control abnormal heart rhythms, to indicate stomach acidity in the case of ulcers, to control migraines and headaches, to help in retraining the muscles, and to benefit a wide range of diseases. Jeanne Achterberg states that those who are most successful in using biofeedback techniques are those who have strong ability to visualize and those who are highly motivated (Achterberg, 1985, p. 196). Stress-reducing techniques, such as biofeedback, and various types of mental exercise that relax the body, like autogenics and hypnosis, are helpful in controlling diseased states that arise from imbalances in the nervous system. Through the use of a device attached to a person’s fingertips, the biofeedback machine is able to help people monitor their inner states and learn to relax, thereby lowering blood pressure and controlling asthma attacks and other physiological processes. Hypnosis and autogenics help to achieve physical relaxation. Once an individual has mastered this, he/she can move into higher meditative states of awareness. Until two decades ago, one of the most tenaciously held beliefs of Western science was that there are certain parts of the human body we can consciously control—our â€Å"voluntary† systems—and others over which we have no conscious control—the â€Å"involuntary† systems. Among the involuntary components of our body were thought to be the rhythm   and amplitude of our brain waves, blood vessel expansion and contraction, blood pressure, rate of healing and strength of our immune system, and secretion   of hormones. Then, in the 1960s, sophisticated devices were constructed to measure minute changes in the bodies of laboratory animals. Scientists found that if the minute changes measured by the machines were somehow amplified and â€Å"fed back† to the animals, so that when they were performing a desired task, such as making one ear grow hot and other grow cold, they would receive a â€Å"positive reinforcement,† such as a pellet of food or a blast of electrical stimulation to their pleasure centers, then the animals were able to learn to control virtually every part of their bodies—even those long believed to be â€Å"involuntary†Ã¢â‚¬â€and could learn this control quite rapidly. (Miller, 1961 and DiCara, L. 1970). Scientists wondered what would happen if humans were hooked up to these devices, and instead of being rewarded with a food pellet, were rewarded by a flashing light, a clicking, or some other clear signal. Early experiments by psychophysiologist Joe Kamiya, of Lanley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute of the University of California Medical Center, involved monitoring subjects’ brain waves, and Kamiya found that within an hour, most subjects could learn to manipulate their supposedly involuntary brain waves and generate large quantities of alpha waves. Oddly, the subjects could never explain how they were able to generate alpha waves; in fact, if they tried to do it, alpha waves disappeared. All they could say was that they just somehow â€Å"knew it† when they were in alpha. Subjects of Cade learned not through being taught any specific mind-control techniques but by monitoring real-time feedback, in the form of flashing lights indicating their brain-wave patterns. (Cade 1979).

Research paper Essays (2592 words) - Social Psychology, Emotions

Research paper Gary Judkins Mr. Lindley English A1 1 May 2015 The importance of being social People often overlook how important it is to be social. If someone is shy or antisocial its often written off because its just the way they are. However, there are many health benefits of being social. Many studies have been conducted on the health benefits of being social and most will agree that social isolation is associated with poor health. A study conducted in 2003 found in Perspectives in Biology and Medicine claims that people who are socially isolated possess a less efficient system to repair and maintain physiological functioning. Those who are socially isolated are more prone to loneliness. Loneliness is often an indicator in the beginning stages of depression. But when people get out in their communities and become active with their friends and others, the loneliness disappears. It is important to have that social support in order to stay away from feelings of loneliness. And with that support system comes more opportunities to be active and the accountability to actually follow through. "We take relationships for granted as humans," said Julianne Holt-Lunstad, a psychologist at Brigham Young University in Utah. "That constant interaction is not only beneficial psychologically but directly to our physical health." It is important to be social. being socially isolated is not good for your mental, physical, and social health. by isolating yourself and not being social with people you harm your body in different ways. social people are proven to be healthier and happier than people who are socially isolated. when you isolate yourself from the world you lose touch on what's important in life. you don't have as many friends. you dont have friends to make you feel better when you're down, this makes you depressed and saddened. when you are social you have friends, you're not alone. you have friends to support you during depressing times. when you isolate yourself, you feel alone. as if you don't have any friends. by isolating yourself you are making yourself lonely. Being social and taking the time to laugh with friends is good for your health, And the more friends you have, the healthier you will be. A study from Carnegie Mellon University said that people with large social networks had more flu-fighting antibodies, while those who reported feeling lonely had fewer antibodies. The Journal of the American Medical Association researchers reported that the incidence of infection among people who knew many different kinds of people was nearly half that among those who were relatively isolated.The study included 276 healthy adults from 18 to 55 years old. First, they were asked to name the types of relationships in their social circle from a list of 12. The categories included spouse, children, other relatives, neighbors, friends, colleagues at work, members of social or recreational organizations and members of religious groups. Each category was counted if a participant spoke, either in person or on the phone, with someone from it at least once every two weeks. the volunteers were then given nose drops containing one of two cold viruses. They were put in a hotel for five days and allowed to interact, but at a distance of three or more feet so they would not infect each other. they were tested daily for signs of the virus in their nasal secretions and observed for cold symptoms like runny nose and congestion. they researched the people with the most categories of social relationships had the lowest susceptibility to colds. the report stated that 35 percent of the people had six or more types of relationships. 43 percent of those had four to five types. and about 62 percent of those had three or fewer. When they did get colds, the people with the most social ties had the mildest symptoms. A study Conducted by the Centre for Ageing Studies at Flinders University followed nearly 1,500 older people for 10 years. It found that those who had a large network of friends outlived those with the fewest friends by 22%. "I think we make a compelling case that social relationships should also be taken quite seriously in terms of reducing risk of mortality," said study researcher Julianne Holt-Lunstad, a