Pre-Marital Sex :: social issues

Pre-Marital SexPremarital sex is a huge problem in society today. People all over are not waiting until they get married to have sex. People having sex today are not aware of the consequences that come with having sex. They righteous value it is fun and there are nothing other than fun comes with having sex. Some people tend to have a lot of sex. They say they do it for the satisfaction. They accept sex is fun. It is perceived to be a great thing from the time one is young. Going to ele manpowertary school kids always talked about the day they were passing play to have sex. They looked forward to it. Where they got the idea that sex was such a great thing is a question that one must ask? The movies, maybe. The magazines that one sees when shot through the drawers of an older brother, uncle or ones father. Sex is all over society. You can not watch cable television without seeing people petting intimately, or even having sex. Just because cable does not show full nudity does no t make it any better to let an eight yr old child watch a television show full of sex. In todays society women are not held to that same standard as men are when it comes to having sex. Now that the reasons people are having sex has been somewhat discussed and is out of the way, let us discuss the consequences that come with having sex, such as A.I.D.S. This is a sulphurous virus that kills ones insubordinate system. A person never dies from the actual virus. They die from the diseases that they would not have otherwise contracted if they still had a strong immune system. The immune system doesnt die slowly either it take at least five years for the immune system to eventually give out. A person can die from a simple cold if they have contracted the A.I.D.S virus. They cold starts of as a normal one does but it just keeps getting worse and worse. People suffer before they die from this disease. This disease has been responsible for killing millions of people. The way this virus i s contracted is through exchange of visible fluids. Sex is the number one way this virus is spread. What people are not realizing is this disease is deadly and by having premarital sex and not organism monogamous they too can contract this disease.

A Line in the Sand - Original Writing :: Papers

A Line in the Sand - Original Writing A cast. A simple, one-dimensional mark. It may be the edge of a square, the shortest distance between two points, or markings on the road. Lines, gentlemen, are boring yet useful tools in life. Right? Wrong There is one line I would like to tell you about. If you were seen stepping over this line, it would result in your death on the spot, no questions asked. This is a line drawn in the sand. This line has caused the largest race movement ever witnessed by humankind. Upon construction of this line, 3.5 million people had to move from one side and 5 million from the other. There are estimates that more that 20 million people were left homeless after the construction of this line. Who said lines were boring, not me However, it runs deeper than that. Not only did people have to move, more than one million people were butchered on the construction of this line. The positioning of this line has been the cause of three wars three bloody brutal wars. Now can I ask you, who in the right mind would make such a line as this? They would have to be mighty inhuman to draw a line that would buck a million people. But in the end, all they had done, was to draw a line in the sand, just a line in sand nought more, nothing less So where do you think this line is? Between Israel and Palestineno Between North and South Koreano. Between the creator north and South Vietnam,wrong again. The line, gentlemen was drawn in the state of Punjab, in 1947, in what was then undivided British India. The line created and separated Pakistan from India. Ancient India, which gave us modern numbering system, which gave us steel, which gave us surgery, was destroyed by a line in the sand. Culture and civilisations spanning thousands of years were split apart by a line in the sand. A country was shattered.shattered by a line in the sand. Fifty-five years on and the trade of insults from attraction t o leader

A film I have seen :: essays research papers

A film I have seenIve seen a draw poker of films, and with a lot of different genres. except I dont think that romantic films are pretty good. They are too boring. The good films are litigate or comedy films, but the best films are action and com-edy films mixed together. Thats why Ive chosen the film Taxi 2. Its a french produced film, with a lot of action and comedy. Its a pretty new film, and I saw it in the cinema last month. Ive looked very a lot forward to see that film, because Taxi was very good too. It took only 5 weeks to get 10 mil-lion cutmen into the cinema. Just for watching Taxi 2. The film is taking correct in Paris. Samy Naceri is playing the lead-ing role as Daniel. Daniel is an illegal taxi toter, because he hasnt any driver license. In the intro to the film he is passing play Jean-Louis Schlesser (former worlds best rally driver) and drives a lot faster than him, because he had a woman should who bear, on the backseat. Daniel has a girlfriend called Lily . She had invited Daniel for dinner, so the parents could see him. Her fa-ther is an army man. beneath the dinner the father tells some long stories about his experiences in a war. Suddenly the red telephone rings, and he had to go to the airport to meet the Nipponese Minister of Defence. The father had a chauffeur who should pick him up, but the chauffeur were involved in a car accident on the way, and Daniel must drive him to the airport. In the airport Daniel meets milien (Frdric Diefenthal) and Chief Inspector Gibert (Ber-nard Farcy) who he already knows from Taxi 1. The Japanese Minister of Defence was coming to France to see a French project to fight against the crime, because Japan had some problems with the yakuza (the Japanese ma-fia). The French police had planned a tour in Paris, with some planned crime factors. But the yakuza is also making a factor and is kidnapping the Japanese Minister of Defence. Then they together are trying to get the Japanese Minis-ter of Defenc e back. At last they succeed, and everything is fine. I like the film very much. I think its one of the best films Ive seen ever. The comedy in the film is just my humour, and the action was okay.

Fascism in Germany :: essays research papers

During the 1920s and early 1930s, Germany was unstable socially economically and politically. The government was very lots in a state of confusion. The population was disappointed and scared, as the Great Wall Street stock market crash of 1923 pushed the economy to a gift before the good deals eyes. These unfavorable events made a nation in a state of insecurity, while fed up, the people looked for a rescuer. This came in the form of fascism, an ideology in which the individual is controlled by a supreme state under the control of one extreme dictator. The leader to direct the people of Germany out of all the problems and misfortunes was Adolf Hitler, a ruthless fascist dominator. With him, the Nazy party set a dominant force to utilize their propaganda on this puzzled nation and to lure the hearts of the people by manipulating their minds.Adolf Hitler was the undisputed leader of the Nazi Party. Much of Hitlers success during his reach to higher power in Germany was due to his powerful and despotic personality. A master spokesman, Hitler was a charismatic speaker, that delivered his speeches passionately and dynamic that the crowds would be driven wild with enthusiasm of the ideas he preached. Hitlers plans made hazy promises while avoiding the authorized facts. Very often he was doing sp by using simple catch phrases, repeated over and over. Hitlers dominance and strict nature was a much-needed change for Germany after(prenominal) the ditches it has been through. All of the Nazi governments actions were for the purpose of destroying the believed sickness of the old Germany and creating a new society. The government abolished democratic freedoms and institutions. In their place the government created an authoritarian state. The Nazis encouraged German culture and tried to ensure that all Germans were physically and mentally fit to an Aryan ideal. In order to achieve these goals, the Nazi regimen despised books and paintings that were not ideal to Ger many, cleaned physically and mentally disabled people, and enslaved and murdered millions of people who were considered enemies of the state. The emblem of Nazism, the swastika, symbolized this type of rebirth and destruction. German propaganda identified the swastika with the procession sun and with rebirth because the bars of the symbol suggest perpetual rotation. To its innumerable victims, however, the swastika came to signify cruelty, death, and terror.Fascism had two appearances that made it so destructive and barbaric in one case in power.

Nuclear Energy Essay example -- essays research papers fc

Some may ask what is nuclear expertness the dictionary defines this asnuclear capabilityn. 1.The energy released by a nuclear reaction, especially by fission or fusion. 2.nuclear energy regarded as a source of antecedent. Also called atomic energyNuclear author was first known to be researched in the early 1900s, and by the world war it reached its greatest peak by demonstrating to the world its power to destroy. Nuclear energy stick out be good or bad, depending on how the person works with this material it is used for both sides good and bad.Scientists were unsure from the counterbalance of how it was possible to get energy from the material called Uranium. They were sure that with its uniqueness it would be able to transform itself into different elements. So they were unsure of it for many years, until Albert Einstein he explored the world of nuclear energy. In 1905 he released his theory of the famous equation e=mc2 with this he knew that uranium was able to create masses of electricity. A fewer years later, scientists found out the great power of the atomic energy. Since then, both scientist and the public were unable to find the best fit for nuclear energy in our society. We have put it into power plants, but the government and public were disappointed by accidents. We have put it into war, and with it we have caused great damages. So the question is where can this energy go? Even though it has been discovered to be the greatest power source of the world today, nobody is willing to cooperate with it because of these accidents and accomplishments. I am not sure if my findings are accurate but by source tells me that today there are a total of 432 nuclear power plants and the occur keeps on lowering everyday. Most of the US and Europe power plants have been shut down completely. The Asian power plant has kept its production going, and it is predicted that Asia energy become the biggest energy producer of the world. Nuclear waste has sometimes bee n called the Achilles heel of the nuclear power industry much of the controversy over nuclear power concentrates on the lack of a disposal system for the radioactive spent fuel that must be regularly removed from operating reactors. Under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 and 1987 amendments, the Dep... ...ick. The dome is designed to withstand earthquakes or a direct hit by a crashing jumbo jet. There is also a large number of sensors that pick up attachs in radiation or humidity. An increase in radiation or humidity could mean there is a leak. There are systems that control and stop the chain reaction if necessary. An Emergency Cooling System for the core ensures that in the event of an accident there is affluent cooling water to cool the reactor.Bibliography-website (http//members.iinet.net.au/ando1/nuke/pro_nuke.htm)Cons on Nuclear Energy ReliabilityOne disadvantage of uranium mining is that it leaves mill tailings, the residues from chemical processing of the ore, which l eads to atomic number 86 exposure to the public. These effects are over-compensated for by the fact that mining uranium out of the ground reduces future radon exposures. Coal burning leaves ashes that will increase future radon exposures. The estimates of radon effects are very much in favor of nuclear plants. Mining of the fuel required to operate a nuclear plant for one year will avert a few hundred deaths, while the ashes from a coal-burning plant will cause three hundred death.

Nuclear Energy Essay example -- essays research papers fc

Some may ask what is thermonuclear energy the dictionary defines this asnuclear energyn. 1.The energy released by a nuclear reaction, especially by fission or fusion. 2.Nuclear energy regarded as a source of power. to a fault called atomic energyNuclear power was first known to be researched in the early 1900s, and by the world war it reached its greatest peak by demonstrating to the world its power to destroy. Nuclear energy can be reasoned or bad, depending on how the person works with this material it is used for both sides good and bad.Scientists were unsure from the beginning of how it was possible to get energy from the material called Uranium. They were sure that with its uniqueness it would be able to transform itself into different elements. So they were unsure of it for many years, until Albert Einstein he explored the world of nuclear energy. In 1905 he released his theory of the famous equation e=mc2 with this he knew that uranium was able to create canaille of electr icity. A few years later, scientists found out the great power of the atomic energy. Since then, both scientist and the public were unable to find the best fit for nuclear energy in our society. We have put it into power plants, but the goernment and public were disappointed by virgules. We have put it into war, and with it we have caused great damages. So the question is where can this energy go? Even though it has been discovered to be the greatest power source of the world today, nobody is willinging to meet with it because of these accidents and accomplishments. I am not sure if my findings are accurate but by source tells me that today there are a total of 432 nuclear power plants and the amount keeps on lowering everyday. Most of the US and Europe power plants have been shut down completely. The Asian power plant has kept its production going, and it is predicted that Asia might become the biggest energy producer of the world. Nuclear waste has sometimes been called the Ac hilles heel of the nuclear power industry much of the controversy over nuclear power concentrates on the lack of a disposal system for the radioactive spent fuel that must be regularly removed from in operation(p) reactors. Under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 and 1987 amendments, the Dep... ...ick. The dome is designed to withstand earthquakes or a direct hit by a crashing jumbo jet. on that point is also a large number of sensors that pick up increases in radiation or humidity. An increase in radiation or humidity could plastered there is a leak. There are systems that control and stop the chain reaction if necessary. An Emergency Cooling System for the core ensures that in the event of an accident there is enough cooling water to cool the reactor.Bibliography-website (http//members.iinet.net.au/ando1/nuke/pro_nuke.htm)Cons on Nuclear Energy ReliabilityOne disadvantage of uranium mining is that it leaves mill tailings, the residues from chemical processing of the ore, w hich leads to radon exposure to the public. These effects are over-compensated for by the fact that mining uranium out of the ground reduces future radon exposures. Coal fervent leaves ashes that will increase future radon exposures. The estimates of radon effects are very much in favor of nuclear plants. Mining of the fuel require to operate a nuclear plant for one year will avert a few hundred deaths, while the ashes from a coal-burning plant will cause 300 death.

Education in Kazakhstan Essay

1.Before going to school, children attend kindergartens until they argon six or seven. 2.Compulsory education begins in our country at the age of seven, when children go to primary school. 3.The subaltern stage begins from the 5th form when children start studying a lot of new subjects, such as Literature, History, Natural Sciences and others. 4.Examinations are taken at the end of the 9-th and the 11-th forms. 5.Some children may leave school after the 9-th form and continue their education at vocational or technical schools or colleges. 6.Besides secondary schools there are other types of schools in Kazakhstan.There are specialized secondary schools with intensive study of a certain subject, for example Foreign Languages, Literature, natural philosophy and others. 7.There are also specialized art, music, ballet and sport schools for gifted children and special schools for handicapped children. 8.Secondary education in our country is free of charge. Among secondary schools there are gymnasiums, colleges and lyceums most of them are private.9.There are institutes, schools of higher education, universities and academies among higher educational institutions. 10.In 1992 Kazakhstan system of higher education adopted the western model a 4 old age course of studies with getting the Bachelor horizontal surface after graduation and a 2 years course of study with getting the Masters degree after graduation. 11.In order to enter a higher educational institution young people have to take an entrance examination. Only those who successfully question entrance testing are admitted free of charge. In other cases education is given on the commercial basis.

Adele: Rise of the Mummy (Movie Review)

Movie Review ADELE RISE OF THE MUMMY Adele Rise of the Mummy is a impression adaptation of the comic series of Jacques Tardi and directed by Luc Besson (The Fifth Element). The genre of this is more on adventure, action and comedy. It tackles about the adventures of the author Adele Blanc-Sec on her calculate for the mummy Patmosis, physician of the great pharaoh Ramses II of Egypt. With the help of Esperandieu, a physicist, and his concept of life after death, the plan is to resuscitate Patmosis to cure her paralyzed/almost unused sister.The story doesnt only focuses on the concept of mummy but in like manner to a pterodactyl which was hatched after 135 million years. It also narrates naive realism stuffs, the policeman, the commissivirtuosor, and those higher to them on how they use their influence, the scientists and their role in science relating to present issues. It is quite of lousy tactics when it comes to graphics. The pterodactyl seems to be not so realistic, though mu mmies were really nice.Also, the props used such as the breath analyzer which was used in the earlier part is catchy, the telephone and typewriter are of some antique kind. The emotions also have a spec and shifting of these emotions is suitable with regards to the scenes. For example, it goes sombre when Adele talks about her sister, and goes ra-ta-tat when Adele is in situation where shes desperate. The humor that evolved throughout the film is of confine access to most of the audience since most of them are French thing.Such stuffs are mostly inside jokes about French politics, cuisine, and the museum itself. Some are clearer upon plump for viewing. The movie didnt catch the bottom part of Filipino taste when it comes to comedy films. However, the film is quite educational and interesting in its own candid way, introducing the minor Egypt culture when it comes to mummifying bodies, stating most traditions like pharaohs usually bring with them their slaves and gold upon dying.T he concept of life and death was also mentioned, relating it to some kind of scientific issues. The deed itself is intriguing. True that the mummy rise from the grave, but what happens next is quite unexpected since it was drolly funny. Thumbs up for Besson for a job well done. I never imagined watching this one in such manner. And that is the twist that invites laughs of genuine amusement, not derision.

Ethical Leadership Essay

Overview intimately Leadership EthicsLeaders must understand the subject of ethics what it is and why is it important. Ethics is the branch of school of thought concerned with the intent, means and consequences of moral behavior. It is the study of moral images and recompense and ravish conduct. Some human judgments ar factual (the earth is round) opposites be aesthetic (she is beautiful) and lock away others are moral ( quite a little should be h hotshotst and should not kill).Define Ethical Leadership BehaviorEthical Leadership is attractionship that is involved in spark advance in a manner that respects the rights and dignity of other. As drawing cards are by nature in a position of social power, honorable leadershiphip focuses on how leaders use their social power in the closings they sword up, actions they engage in. And ways they influence others decisions. Leaders who are honest, demonstrate a level of integrity that is important for stimulating a sense of l eader trustworthiness, which is important for followers to accept the vision of the leader. These are critical and direct components to leading ethic exclusivelyy. The quote and integrity of the leader provide the basis for person-to-person characteristics that direct a leaders respectable beliefs, value, and decisions. Individual values and beliefs impact the good decisions of leaders. quintette Ethical Leadership Behavior1. Be Honest and Trustworthy and Have Integrity in Dealing with Others. Trustworthiness contributes to leadership effectiveness. A perception that upper-level business leaders were untrustworthy contributed to the spectacular dec delineate in stock prices during the 2000-2002 period. An ethical leader is honest ( ramifys the truth), and trustworthy (constituents accept his or her word). In other words, he or she has integrity. According to Thomas E. Becker, this quality goes beyond honesty and conscientiousness. Integrity refers to loyalty to rational princi ples it means practicing what one pr to each onees disregardless of emotional or social pres authoritative.2. Pay Attention to All Stakeholders.An ethical and moral leader strives to treat fairly all interested parties byhis or her decisions. To do other creates winners and losers after many decisions are made. The widely held belief that a CEOs primary responsibility is to maximize appropriateholder wealth conflicts with the principle of paid attention to all stakeholders. A team of management scholars ob hangs We used to organize corporations as both economic and social institutionas institutions that were designed to serve a balanced set of stakeholders, not just the narrow interests of the shareholder.A leader interested in maximizing shareholder wealth expertness attempt to cut costs and increase profits in such ways laying-off valuable employees to reduce payroll costs, oerstating profits to impress investors, overcharging customers, siphoning gold from the employee al lowance fund and reducing health benefits for retiree. Although the aforementioned may be standard practice, they all violate the rights of stakeholders.3. Build Community.A corollary of taking into account the needs of all stakeholders is that the leader helps people achieve a common goal. Peter G. Northouse explains that leaders need to take into account their own and followers purposes and search for goals that are congruous to all. When many people work toward the same constructive goal, they build a community.4. Respect the Individual.Respecting individuals is a principle of ethical and moral leadership that incorporates other aspects of morality. If you tell the truth, you respect others well enough to be honest. If you keep promises, you overly show respect. And if you treat others fairly, you show respect. Showing respect for the individual also means that you stand it away that everybody has some inner worth and should be treated with courtesy and kindness. An office s upervisor demonstrated respect for the individual infront of his department when he contracted a keeper who entered the office What tush we do in this department yo make your job easier?5. Accomplish Silent Victories.The ethical and moral leader works silently, and somewhat stinker the scenes, to accomplish moral victories regularly. Instead of being perceived as heroor heroine, the moral leader quietly works on moral agenda. rather often he or she go forth work let out a via media to ensure that a decision in process go out seduce an ethical outcome.Typical Ethical Dilemma for SupervisorsMaintaining professional ethics in the supervisory process posterior pose unique challenges. The same ethical violations that wadnister occur in a therapeutic relationship buttocks be paralleled in a supervisory relationship. From performance evaluations to dual relationships, the supervisory relationship can be fraught with chances for uncomfortable, inappropriate, and potentially li tigious locations. My supervisor uses me as a confidante and openly discusses another workers shortcomings with me, yet she never approaches the worker about it. My supervisor degrades me and makes personal comments about me commonly negativeand some ages in front of other staff. My coworker reads all day long and doesnt spend such(prenominal) time working with clients.My supervisor is un ordaining to address it and said to me, Mind your own business. He gets his work hold one. Thats all thats important. It drives me crazy that I end up picking up his slack with clients. My supervisor precipitatees work on to me even though I am overwhelmed with my own work. She dumps administrative duties on me that she should be performing. If I do them, its credit in the bank for me to get favors from her. I dont like the game, but it does have benefits. I used to be best friends with a person I now supervise. Do we have to give up our friendship? I dont see why, as long as it is after work hours. Im a supervisor of a domestic violence style with a shelter program. A new employee reported she is being abused by her live-in boyfriend. She feels she is in danger and would like to enter the shelter and receive counsel with us. What do I do?Define Leadership attempts and the influence of ethical and unethical behavior on leadership attempts In any thesaurus or dictionary, you will find that succeederful and effective are oftentimes used as synonyms for each other. On a fundamental level, they are very sympathetic terms. However, when you break these terms down within the context of leadership, they can mean two very contrastive things. So opposite, in fact, that the researcher Basscreated an fable (Figure 1) that demonstrates the difference. Leadership Attempts is an effort by any individual to have some effect on the behavior of another individual.This leadership attempts can be measured successful or unsuccessful, depending upon production of the desire a ction or response. A good example of this is getting employees to complete tasks on time. Referring to the figure below, person A (leader) attempts to influence Person B (constituent/employee) toward a desired outcome Person A will be find outed successful or unsuccessful along the continuum, depending upon the desired response of Person B.To be considered an effective leader, one must take leadership to another level, past just being successful. If Person B does what Person A asks only because of positional power, influence, or guilt, then the leader (Person A) has been successful in this scenario, but not effective. If Person B does the task because he/she finds it personally rewarding, then Person A has been both successful (at getting the desired subject) and effective (in affecting the attitude/motivation of Person B). The bottom line is that success has to do with how the individual or group behaves effectiveness describes the internal state of the individual or group and is attitudinal in nature. An effective leader will usually generate personal power through follower acceptance and will use more general supervision. Both of these are great ways to enthrone group and community members.If doing what is right produces something bad, or if doing what is wrong produces something good, the force of moral obligation may seem balanced by the reality of the good end. We can have the satisfaction of being right, regardless of the damage done or we can aim for what seems to be the best outcome, regardless of what wrongs must be committed. This standard of quandary is illustrated in the chart.DEFINITION OF ETHICAL DILEMMAETHICS/ETHICALIt is an internal feeling or sense of obligation to do the right thing. It refers to intellect about what is right and wrong.It has to do with the behavior specifically ones moral behavior with respect to society.DILEMMAIt seems a negative term.A situation requiring a choice between equally undesirable alternatives, any tryi ng or perplexing situation or problem.ETHICAL DILEMMASIt is a situation in which two or more deeply held values come into conflict It is a problematic situation whose accomplishable solutions all offer imperfect and failing answer. It occurs when key factors within a situation lead to different decisions and each of the decisions is equally valid. Is often Evoke powerful emotions and strong personal eyeshot. An ethical dilemma is a complex situation that often involves an apparent mental conflict between moral imperatives, in which to obey one would aftermath in transgressing another. The topics of ethics, integrity, compromise and corruption have to become as important as other critical areas of law enforcement training if significant changes can occur. This is also called an ethical puzzle since in moral philosophy, paradox often plays a central role in ethics debates.Ethical dilemmas are often cited in an attempt to confute an ethical system or moral code, as well as the wor ldview that encompasses or grows from it. Leaders have a tough time these days win over us that they are honest. A US survey in 2011, for example, found that nearly half (48 percent) of those questioned rated the honesty and ethics standards. That is, few have developed their values into a moral compass pointing the way to comprehensive trading policies, robust structures and systems, and many other elements contributing to running an ethical business. In trying to teddy tin their cultures towards a more ethical approach, many leaders will conclude that they need to develop their own skills in handling ethics. For example, some may remissness to ensure that nuts and bolts of what makes an ethics programme effective. This is seldom due to negligence, but to lack of awareness of what it takes to make a sustained cultural change in the right direction.Consequently, many leaders will benefit from having their own ethics and values tune-up. This includes opportunities to examine thei r own ethical decision-making skills and the ethical environment of the company. Not sure if what you feel is an ethicaldilemma? Here are the signs that may help you determine if you are experiencing an ethical problem. Discomfort if something about a situation makes you uneasy, it is time to start finding out what is causing the feeling and why. Guilt rather than deny the feeling, explore and respond to it. Stress Putting off making a difficult choice, losing sleep and feeling pressured can be all signs of an ethical problem Anger If you are feeling angry at being pressured, it could be a sign of an ethical problem. Embarrassment If you would feel awkward about telling your boss, co-workers, friends or family about what you are doing, or idea of doing, its a good chance that the issue is an ethical one. Fear if youre afraid of being caught, found out or exposed for what you are doing or thinking of doing, its close to certainly an ethical matter.Training can help managers c larify their ethical framework and practice self-discipline when making decisions in difficult circumstances. According to the London-based Institute of Business ethics, which surveys UK companies every three years on the use of their codes of ethics, six out of ten UK companies provided training in business ethics for all their staff in 2010. However, this is a 10 per cent drop on 2007. Although we are living in a time of austerity, cutting confirm on ethics training is a short-sighted thing for companies to do, comments Simon Webley, Research Director of IBE and author of the survey. Is this ethical?An ethical dilemma at work arises when in that respects conflict between two possible desirable or undesirable actions. It is typically where the rules are unclear and with unacceptable trade-offs. For example, an employee may know somethings wrong it smells bad, as one approach puts it. Yet the employee may be torn between loyalty to colleagues and commitment to the company. The ev entual choice will depend on developing a uniquely personal view of the world, drawing on existing formal guidance but more significantly, also referring to individually held beliefs and desires. This is why rehearsals the chance to practise with realistic examples of cases is so essential for acquiring the necessary learning. Recognizing an ethical issue can be difficult, even when right in front of you.In fact, people predict that they will behave more ethically that they actually do. When evaluating past unethical behaviour, they usually believe that theywill behaved more ethically than they actually did. So there is a general tendency for people to fail to realize that they are making choices which affect others, with possible adverse consequences, and which should therefore be considered from a moral point of view. It is simply not a viable business strategy to claim that there is no such thing as ethics in business this is a sure way of avoiding any personal responsibility for what is happening. If your only frame of reference for making choices is to make a profit, maximize shareholder value, win this sale or meet the legal minimum requirements, you will almost certainly miss the ethical dimension.Given the complex socio-cultural milieu in which leaders operate, it is not surprising that they would find themselves, from time-to-time, faced with ethical dilemmas. Ethical dilemmas are decisions that require a choice among competing sets of principles, often in complex and value laden contexts (Ehrich, Cranston, & Kimber, 2005, p. 137). These competing choices have been described as pulling leaders in different directions, and have been found to cause leaders great stress and anxiety. Difficulties are said to arise when leaders are faces with choices that are considered right. For example, Kidder (1995) states that many ethical dilemmas facing professionals do not concern right versus wrong options but right versus right. In other words, the choices co uld all be seen as right. Alternatively, when all of the options are deemed wrong, it would also potentially cause angst for leaders. How leaders interpret, respond to, and resolve ethical dilemmas is likely to depend on a variety of factors and forces both internal and international to the leader.Two classification of Ethical DILEMMARIGHT VERSUS RIGHT DILEMMAEthical issues emerge when two core values come into conflict with each other. When one important value raises powerful moral arguments for one course of action, while another value raises equally powerful arguments for an opposite course, we must make a choice since we cant do both.RIGHT VERSUS WRONG DILEMMAEthical issues emerge when a core moral value has been profaned or ignored. When honesty is an important value to a person, and another person is found to be acting dishonestly, it is generally acknowledged that the action was unethical.Question to ask help determine appropriate steps to take in an ethical dilemmaEthics tr anscends everything we do. Think about it, most, if not all, decisions made by forthwiths leaders may have an ethical component. Consequently, a leader may choose to be amoral, which means he does not consider the ethical consequences of the component of his decision. An amoral leader functions as though ethics does not exist. A leader may also choose to be immoral and ignore the ethical ramifications of his actions. This leader consciously chooses to engage in the behaviour with complete knowledge that his behaviour is wrong. Finally, a leader may choose to be moral and consider the ethical impact of his decision. Of course, the latter is the desired course of action. Ideally, all decisions should be made taking into consideration the ethical ramifications of ones actions. Whether a leader is deciding to lay off an employee, or promote an employee, the ethicality of the leaders action must be considered. Here are seven questions asked as strategies for firmness ethical dilemmas. Is it legal?When considering the ethicality of an action, the first thing the leader must do is consider whether the action is legal. As previously stated, one of the paramount concerns of a leader must be the long-term survival of the organization. Corporations are legal entities that can be sued and charged with crimes. When a leader engages in behaviour that is illegal, it opens up the organization for civil liability and, possible, criminal prosecution. Such actions can result in large fines and negative publicity, which may result in declining sales and market share and may ultimately lead to bankruptcy of the organization as what occurred with Enron.Determining whether an action is legal or not is pretty simple. There are people trained to provide assistance in this area. They are called lawyers. In the US, all crimes are codified, so there is no excuse for a leader unknowingly engaging in criminal behaviour. If there is an area of doing, that so called grayarea, you should er r on the side of caution and not run the risk of violating the law, regardless of the benefits. Although ethical behaviour is not required, legal behaviour is so never straddle the line. Always follow the law, it is your duty to your organization. Does it harm others?Although complying with the law is required, being ethical is not, it is a desired outcome. Therefore, when faced with an ethical dilemma and based on the ethical principles, one of the first factors that must be taken into consideration is whether the decision will cause harm to others. By incorporating this fundamental principle of ethics, showing concern for the interest of others, you may avoid making an unethical decision. However, it is important to make something perfectly clear, the ethical course of action does not necessarily mean that you will never cause harm. Sometimes, the ethical course of action may result in others being harmed.For example, eminent domain results in harming the minority for grater socie tal good. The focus here is to minimize hard to others. The leader should always strive to assay the course of action that minimizes harm, while producing an ethical result. A decision to right size will inevitably harm the person being laid off. However, self-aggrandising that person sufficient notice, providing them with severance of possible, and providing alternative-job training are all things that can mitigate the harm. The simple fact of showing concern for the interest of others may result in a decision being modified because upon analysis, the leader may discover that the perceived benefit does not outweigh the harm that will ensue. Does it pass the CNN test?I (author of the book) had a former boss tell me that, visibility is good, but exposure will kill you. He was encouraging me to take the jobs that will bring visibility to my strengths and avoid jobs that will expose my weaknesses. There is also an old saying that transparency is the best disinfectant. Well, the same applies when it comes to our actions. When resolving an ethical dilemma, a leader should consider how he would feel if his actions were publicized to the entire world on CNN.Would you be comfortable with your decision if it was the main topic of discussion on Anderson 360 and you knew you were being subjected to public disclosure and critique? I think (author of the book) if the former CEO and CFO of Enronhad considered that their actions were going to be subjected to public disclosure, they probably would have chosen a different course of action. If the former CEO had known that it would have been publicly disclosed that he was dumping shares of Enron stock while encouraging others to buy, he probably would not have made that unethical decision.Get a second opinionIn the field of healthcare, it is a common practice to hear second and sometimes third opinions. Although your primary physician may be a board-certified expert in his chosen field, seeking a second opinion is a form if validation. It also may provide other options that may not have been on the table. The same applies to resolving ethical dilemmas. A leader would be well served to seek the advice of a trusted advisor, who he feels will give him an unbiased, objective opinion. That person may be an expert in the field, who can point out factors you may not have considered, or it may be someone whom you believe to have a good moral compass. permit me (author of the book) caution you here that getting a second opinion does not mean that you abdicate your responsibility because ultimately, as the leader, the buck stops with you. It is your decision, and you must bear the responsibility. However, the second opinion may reveal some factors that you may have not considered. In addition, if the person has a good moral compass, their confirmation can be reassuring that you are going down the right road. Does it pass the Ambien test?Ambien is a prescription sleep aid used for the treatment of insomnia. Inso mnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling and/or staying asleep. Now Im sure (author of the book) you never though insomnia to be an ethical narrow down however, if your decision agonizes you and causes you to stay awake at night, you have probably not made the right decision. By the same token, if you can lie down and go to sleep after making your decision without the need for Ambien, you may have made the proper decision.Assuming that you are not a psycho or a sociopath, you should be troubled when you make a decision that is blatantly unethical. The physicians and scientists participating in the Tuskegee study should have been troubled that once penicillin was available, they refused to treat the subjects of the study. They should have had difficulty sleeping at night.They should have need Ambien to fall asleep Now, assuming that they made the right decision, there should be no agonizing over it, and the need for Ambien for that decision should not existtest p assed Does it pass the Socrates test?Socrates us the ancient Greek philosopher who is given credit for setting the agenda for the customs of critical thinking. I (author of the book) can recall my first year of law school and being exposed to the Socratic method of teaching, which is specifically designed to erect critical-thinking skills. When faced with an ethical dilemma, a leader must ensure that the resolution is not reached based solely on gut feelings or the subjective desire to do the right thing. Yes, good intentions are important. Doing the right thing is important, but the process of getting to the right result must be based on the reason and objectivity. Does it make divinity fudge smile?At the end of the day, the final question the leader should consider is, does the chosen course of action make deity or the higher power of your choosing, smile? I (author of the book) use God loosely here, and Im not advocating any particular religion of faith. For those who may be a theist or agnostic, you may substitute God for your mother or any other figure you revere. I (author of the book) must point out that Im speaking of an unconditionally living God, who is concerned with only good, not the God depicted in the Old Testament of the Bible, or the God who condones torturing souls in eternal damnation.The point here is simply to look to a source beyond you that you feel reflects the characteristics of good and of being ones best self. In legal parlance, we (author of the book) use the term the prudent or reasonable person standard. This is the person who goes through life exercising proper judgment and engaging in the right course of action under the circumstances. It is an objective standard that can be used as a benchmark for how one should act under certain situations. So if God would look at your decision and smile at your actions, youve probably done the right thing steps in an ETHICAL DILEMMA & ETHICAL SOLUTIONSStep1. WHAT ARE THE OPTIONSList the ful l range of alternative courses of action available to you.Step2. ANALYZE THE CONSEQUENCESAssume you have a variety of options. Consider the range of both positive and negative consequences connected with each one. (Who will be helped by what you do? Who will be thinned? What kinds of benefits and harms are we talking about?) After looking at all of your options, which of your options produces the best combination of benefits maximization and harm minimization?STEP3. ANALYZE THE ACTIONSConcentrate preferably strictly on the actions. How do they measure moral principles like honesty, fairness, equality, respecting the dignity of others, respecting peoples right, and recognizing vulnerability of individuals weaker or less fortunate than others. Do anything of the actions that youre considering cross the line, in terms of anything from simple decency to an important ethical principle. What youre looking for is the option whose actions are least problematic.STEP4. MAKE YOUR DECISION AN D ACT WITH COMMITMENT piddle both parts of your analysis into account and make a decision. This strategy should give you at least some basic steps you should follow.STEP5. EVALUATE THE carcassThink about the circumstances which led to dilemma with the intention of identifying and removing the conditions that allowed it to arise.Ethical SolutionsA model for examining and understanding ethical dilemmasWe now turn our attention to a conceptual model of ethical dilemmas we have been using for some time derived initially from the literature, but refined through various iterations from empirical research with leaders across three organizational contexts schools, universities and the public sector. Ascan be seen from the figure above, the model considers of five core components. The first component is the critical contingency that generates the ethical dilemma for the decision maker. Critical incidents are issues or situations in leaders work that produce ethical reflection and moral em otions. The leaders who have participated in our (author of the book) research have identified a variety of critical incidents, including Dealing with staff under performance or behaviour such as different interpretations of institutional policiesObserving student actions such as breaking school rules or plagiarizing sources Being given a directive from a supervisor that conflicts with their personal values and professional ethics or with their notions of wider accountability Confronting institutional changes that conflicts with the ethos of the organization, such as the managerial imperative to make money versus maintaining standards of academic excellence and bring out the misuse of public money.A variety of factors (or forces) can highlight the critical incident and influence the choices a desision maker sees open to him or her (second component of the model). These factors are The public interest or public goodwhat a community decides is in the best interest of its members as a whole as express through the ballot box, interest groups and ongoing debate and discussion. It entails ensuring that public officials are accountable to the community for making and administering policies. Any organization that receives public money (money collected through the taxation system) is accountable to the community for the use of that money. Thus, public officials must act in the public interest or for the public good. The political frameworkthe political ideology, system, and structure of a jurisdiction socializes people and enhances or constrains the decisions and actions they take.The community or societythe multiple and competing stake holders (individuals and groups) that impact on and oppose to leaders decisions. Professional ethicsthe ethical standards and valued held by members of a particular profession that guide their actions and that the community expects of a member of that profession sanctioned institutions are requires to comply with legislation and jud icial rulings. Economic and financial contexts could develop from the impact of the dominant economic paradigm, on the policies and actions of an organization such the impact of alternative of r neoliberal economic thinking leads to policies that result in the privatization of public sector goods and services. International or global social, political, cultural, and economic trends impact on institutions. The institutional context and factors beyond the immediate workplacethe operational milieu within which leaders work, which includes policies, procedures, and society.

Music Appreciation Unit review Essay

Review Questions1) Popular practice of medicine is any medicinal drug since industrialization in the mid-1800s that meet middle class expectations. Popular contains all in all different types of music and Pop music is just simply a type of music included in popular music. Its kind of like saying all Maple trees argon trees but not all trees are Maple trees2) Themes such as love and relationships are used to create much of the pop music lyrics. A song that uses this theme would be Tina Turners song Whats love got to do with it, in which Turner describes love as being secret code to a greater extent than a heart break. It was a popular theme because many people could relate it to their lives and their situation.3) Disco had soaring vocals and a beat that made you essential to dance- Rhythm often emphasized. It didnt play a tempo to fast nor slow (between 100-130 bpm) and was made in the 1970s.4) The British Invasion is when British boy bands and their music started to become very popular in the United States of America. The Beatles were a large impact in this movement. They mixed many different kinds of music together which thus caused others to do as well. The Beatles also sang about social issues while solace incorporating catchy lyrics and rhythm.5) A boy band usually consist of 3-6 jr. male singers and they rarely use instruments. They also perform highly choreographed dance routines. And they all have their classifications________________________________________Critical Thinking Questions1) Yes I believe music is still used as a form of protest. There are still many songs where the sole purpose of lyrical is to protest some social issue. For simulation the band Nickelback sings many songs about coming together to help everyone. Like in their song When We Stand Together, a lyric that pops out is when we could turn over a starving world with what wethrow away. But all we serve are empty words that always taste the same.While many of us know that there less fortunate people out in the world fighting to feed themselves, some take for granted that they have dinner every night. And Nickelback tried to write this song that awarded the issue that we all have to look out for one another. And there are plenty of other bands/singers that confront social and political issues.2) Yes I believe music has become really commercialized today. Many artists are just singing for the money. Or there are some that just want to do it in order to be popular and gain their five seconds of fame. You can see this in their attitudes- caring more about the outfit theyre wearing or the car they get to show off instead of setting time aside to actually act with their fans.

Influence of Baroque Music to Classical Music Essay

medicine of any period reflects, in its own way, near of the akin influences, tendencies, and generative impulses that argon free-base in the other stratagems of that time (Donna, 2005). Thus the word churrigueresco, usually practice sessiond despairingly by eighteenth-century art critics to describe the art and architecture of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, came to be applied also to the medication of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. After some years after the death of Johann Sebastian bachelor, the ornate, stiff and strict mildew of the High fancy became old-fashion and lost its favor.Music slowly began to change form the style and forms of the High fancy to a simpler yet tuneful form around 1750. The period following the Baroque is cal conduct the upright period. The transition to the untested styles and forms of Classical medicine was, like all transitions, rather complicated. The map of the churrigueresque bass figure lost its taste and became obsolete. The preference of a simple structure rather than polyphonic constructions became dominant close especially in laic music. There was also a preference for one clear melodic line without melting with many others.Although baroque music differs greatly from classical music, they give way striking similarities as evident in specific styles and forms. Though Classical composers tend to avoid the antiquated Baroque, one cannot fully abandon the styles and forms of the immediate predecessors. Instead, these styles were encourage developed to form a modernistic meaning and use on the new musical structure. Forms like the opera and orchestra revolutionizedthe former branching out from spartan to variety, and the latter have a complete upheaval.Moreover, on the late Classical period, great composers such as van Beethoven and Mozart studied the twists of Baroque composers live and Handel. The later works of the classical composers were characterized of having innovative yet powerful polyphony inspired by lives masterpieces, and contrapuntal melodic lines imbued with the oratorios and suites of Handel.General characteristics of baroque music Baroque composers were united in a common goal to express or represent a wide range of feelings vividly and vigorously. They seek musical heart and soul to express or arouse the affections.Rather than they express their personal feelings, composers wanted to represent human emotions in a generic champion (Norton, 2010). The music is regarded for its distinct, formal root wordal styles and forms. Style Various styles laid the foundation of baroque music. Expressive and expansive in melody yet deeply grow in chordal harmonies, baroque music is typically highly rhythmical and quite easy to listen to. The comfortable regularity and lively rhythmic qualities of more than than of baroque music have made it appealing to many modern listeners.For more detailed listeners, one can interpret the music h aving poignant and stir melodies, engaging conversation-like dialogues in sound, and rich harmonies and textures (Daniels & Wagner, 1975). Modality was replaced by briskity which gave a strong feeling of joy or lament. In 2008, Ferris explains that composers developed and theoreticians articulated the tonal system, in which e genuinely note of the major or minor scale bears a specific relationship to every other note, and all of the pitches be more or less similar to the tonic.Composers at that time recognised and utilized triad chords as an entity, which consequented to meaningful and consonant units of sound. The use of triads most especially the tierce principle chords (tonic, dominant, and subdominant) paved a stable and harmonic direction to tonal music (The Baroque Period). Thus, the tonal system of harmony was wholly adopted during the seventeenth century. In addition, the continuous use of the polyphonic texture during the Early Baroque was revolutionized to form a new texturethe homophony.Imitative polyphony (more than one melodic line) was an extremely important factor in writing and playing music (The Baroque Era, Kamien, 2008). New forms of polyphonic music were develop because baroque composers felt that the art of counterpoint was essential to their artistry. On the other hand, the homophonic method (a musical technique that displays a vast separation amongst the melody line and the accompaniment) was gaining acceptance and use quite rapidly (The Baroque Era).The homophonic musical style played a significant role in opera and solo vocal music because it ocused the listeners concentration in the poetic melody of the singer. Most pieces in baroque music have the basso continuo which gave way to amity and unity. Basso continuo, or figured bass, is an accompaniment which consists of a bass part with numbers which specify the chords to be played above it. Musical works containing a continuo part helped to convey harmonic support of chords under the melodic line (The Baroque Era). Kamien (2008) states that basso continuo is usually played by at least 2 instruments an organ or harpsichord and low melodic instrument like the cello or bassoon.Kamien (2008) also adds that the organist of harpsichordist plays the bass part with the left hand hand which is also played by the cellist or bassoonist. With the right hand, the keyboard player improvises chords or melodic line by following the numbers. Because the numbers alone indicate a basic chord, the performer has a wide field of freedom. With continuity of rhythm and melody, baroque music also features continuity of dynamic level. This means that the volume stays the same for a period of time, and then there is a sudden shift to a different dynamic level.There atomic number 18 no gradual changes in dynamics (such as a crescendo or lessen). Terraced dynamics were used as the main keyboard instrument was the harpsichord, which could plainly be played in two modes, either fo rte (loud) or piano (soft), precluding the ability to accomplish crescendos or decrescendos (Kamien, 2008). Moreover, baroque composers fashion their work with different kinds of ornamentation. For Baroque musicians, ornamentation is not merely decoration that has no intrinsic value but rather the chief way of moving affections.One should, therefore, try in his ornamentation, as in all other aspects of his interpretation, to effectively communicate the sense of the music. In a lyrical movement, baroque performers intensify the expressiveness through the use of calm melodic ornaments and appoggiaturas, in a brilliant movement, incorporate virtuosic ornaments, and in a movement that seems complete, add almost nothing besides essential cadential trills (www. musebaroque. fr). Eventually, both vocalists and instrumentalists recognized the principal ways of ornamenting a melodic line.First, brief formulas called ornamentssuch as trills, turns, appoggiaturas, and mordentswere added to d efinite notes to emphasize accents, cadences, and other significant points in the melody (Norton, 2010). Second, more widen embellishmentssuch as scale and arpeggio passages, and other types of flourisheswere added to create a free and elaborate paraphrase of the written line (Norton, 2010). Forms In 1573, a group of musicians and intellectuals came together to discuss various subjects, especially the desire to revive Greek drama.This group of individuals is known as the Florentine Camerata, they wanted lines to be sung instead of precisely being spoken (Styles of the Baroque Period). The group developed a new vocal style based on the music of the ancient Greek tragedy. This new style followed the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech. It was sung by a soloist with only a simple chordal accompaniment and was, thus, homophonic the Camerata rejected polyphony because it would obscure the of the essence(predicate) text (Kamien, 2008). Together with the opera, the oratorio stands as a major development in baroque vocal music.Like opera, the oratorio is a large-scale composition for chorus, vocal soloists, and orchestra usually performed during the Lenten season in the oratory, from which its name was derived it is usually set to a narrative text. Oratorio differs from opera in that it has no acting, scenery, or costumes. Most oratorios are based on biblical stories, but usually they are not intended for religious services (Tovey, 1956) The genre reached its heights in the late baroque period in the works of George Frederic Handel such as the Messiah with its well-known chorus of continuous praise of Hallelujah.Likewise, the baroque mass is an instrumentally come with vocal music tended to be a conservative musical form. As the seventeenth century progressed, masses began to incorporate concertato style and to have instrumental accompaniments. These developments led to the five masses of J. S. Bach, whose B Minor Mass is one of the towering monuments of Wes tern music (Daniels & Wagner, 1975). One of the most significant aspects of the Baroque period was the outgrowth of independent instrumental music.Its development was not entirely what the Florentine composers had intended the new forms, Kitson (1966) stated, were by-products of reform. The use of the modal system was broken down, and establishment of the major-minor headstone were considered. But, the old contrapuntal style was not abolished entirely. The known form of during the Baroque is the fugue. According to Kamien (2008), a fugue, written for a group of instruments or voices, or for a single instrument, is a polyphonic composition which is based on one theme called subject.Composers wrote fugues both as independent pieces and as sections within preludes or toccatas (Norton 2010). end-to-end a fugue, different melodic lines, or voices, imitate the subject. Fugue subjects usually have a clearly defined character and a lively rhythm. Music that had become associated with var ious social dances began to separate itself and became a type of independent instrumental music. The baroque suite is a set of dance-inspired movements, all in the same key but different in tempo, meter and character. It is performed by a solo instrument, a small group of instruments, or an orchestra (Wright, 2008).The movements of a suite are usually in AABB form. The section A, which starts from the tonic key then shifts to the dominant, is balanced by the section B, which starts from dominant then shifts to the tonic (Kamien, 2008, p. 103). Moreover, the orchestra during the baroque period was a performing group on instruments of the violin family. The baroque orchestra was consisted of ten to thirty or forty players. At its core were the basso continuo and upper strings. The use of woodwind, brass and percussion instruments are variable depending on the demand of the piece to be played.An aria (in English works sometimes called an air) signifies a melody apart from the harmony , but especially a musical composition for single voice or instrument, with an accompaniment of other voices or instruments. The aria in Bachs suites is a short binary movement in a flowing rhythm in not very slow common or duple meter (Tovey, 1956). Influence of baroque music to classical music In the middle of the 18th century, Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature, and the arts, primarily known as Classicism, which sought to emulate the ideals of Classical antiquity and especially those of Classical Greece.Changes in musical perception on style and form are likely caused by a sum of economic, religious, sociological and political factors. It is interesting to examine the music created within the hazy boundaries between the periods. Style Norton (2010) believes that at its best, Classical music reached a consistently high standard and possessed the qualities of a noble simplicity, balance, perfection of form, diversity within unity, seriousness of pu rpose, and use of ornamentation. The transition to the new style was rather complicated.There was a general relaxation of formality, and for a while nothing much to take its place (Daniels & Wagner, 1975). The relaxation in the judgeship life favored the Rococo (derived from the French word rocaille referring to the artificial rockwork), a reaction to the formalism, rigidity, and seriousness that had become characteristics of the Baroque, and a decorative style that was lighter, smaller in scale, and wittier than the Baroque (Daniels & Wagner, 1975, Kitson, 1966). The melody most typically consisted of a series of a series of short motives, repeated several times and cast in quartette or eight measure phrases.The melody is also generously supplied with a variety of trills, mordents, and the like. Classical music is basically homophonic. It seemed a proper alternative to the unsounded polyphonic textures of the High Baroque. However, texture is treated as flexibly as rhythm. Piece s shift smoothly or suddenly from one texture to another. A work may begin homophonically with a melody and simple accompaniment but then change to a more complex polyphonic texture that features two simultaneous melodies or melodic fragments imitated among the various instruments.In addition, polyphony was piously maintained when it came to church music. It was used for intensification, contrast, and development in the late works of Haydn and Beethoven The most far-reaching event of Rococo music was the development of the simple two-part dance form of the Baroque, through a gradual enlargement and culture, to the sonata-form of the Classical period. The end result was a form that remained in a dominant position in the field of instrumental music for almost two hundred years (Kitson, 1966).Indeed, it is a marvel of structural flexibility, capable of the greatest conceivable variety of expressive content. By the beginning of the eighteenth century, it was generally cast in a form co nsisting of three movements arranged in fast-slow-fast sequence. In sonatas and other pieces for violin, gradual increases and decreases of dynamics had long been employed a theorist addressed the problem of crescendo and decrescendo receiving considerable attention. The Italian opera orchestra, too, had been familiar with swelling of tone. The solution is the borrowing a baroque style.Terraced dynamics had provided composers with one means of achieving contrast. Operas employing this device were widely performed passim Europe. Form The practice of the baroque era was the standard against which new forms was measured, and there came to be a division between sacred works, which held more closely to the Baroque style from secular works, which were in the new style. A new orchestra developed during the classical period. It was a standard group of four sections strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion unlike the baroque which could vary from piece to piece.The number of musicians in a classical orchestra was greater than in a baroque group. Classical composers exploited timbres of each instruments. Unlike baroque composers, they did not treat instruments interchangeably. The Classical composers were the first to orchestrate for instruments like clarinet, trombone, and piccolo (Daniels, Wagner, et al, 1975). According to Kamien (2008), the classical orchestra had developed into a flexible and colorful instrument to which composers could entrust their most powerful and dramatic musical conceptions. The mass continued to be an important form for Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven. During the Classical period, masses involved orchestra, soloists, and choir in a fully integrated work, using organizational principles derived from instrumental forms (The Classical Period). The majority of Mozarts masses were in Missa brevis type, the simultaneous setting of several lines of text, or the omission of certain sections of the mass, because the Archbishop Colloredo of Salzburg ha d no patience with long Masses.Effects of the influences of baroque music Long after the Baroque era ended, and their music was all but forgotten, both Handel and Bach were rediscovered in the Classical era. All great Classical composers like Mozart and Beethoven, after Bach and Handel, studied their works and learned from them in grasping and nevertheless developing Bachs and Handels science of baroque composition in such a way, that something entirely new emerged, pointing into the future. Proficient Wolfgang Amadeus MozartThe works of Bach, such as the B-minor Mass and the six motets, and Handel, for example, the Messiah had deeply influenced the works of Mozart in his last years of writing music. Mozart was thoroughly familiar with the music of Handel. During his childhood trip to England, he became well acquainted with Handels music and he never lost his taste for it. One can hear Handels influence in some of Mozarts early works, such as The Solemn Vespers, and in later works such as the Great Mass and the Requiem Mass in D minor.In fact, the opening page of Mozarts Requiem, beautiful as it is, is merely a reworking of the opening choral movement of Handels funeral music for pouf Caroline (Langlois, 2008). At the age of thirty, Mozart, visiting the St. Thomas Church in Leipzig, upon hearing a Bach motet for the first time, exclaimed Now there is music from which a man can learn something. Then, the choirmaster at Leipzig gave Mozart a copy of the score to all six of the Bach motets. They were a profound influence on his late style.In the last two years of his life, Mozarts counterpoint became even more exquisite and complex than before (Langlois, 2008). Moreover, Mozart was attracted to the main genres in which Bach excelledkeyboard sonatas, keyboard concertos, symphonies and operas. Bachs singing-style themes, tasteful use of expressive motives, suspenseful harmonic ambiguities, and consistent thematic contrasts became permanent features of Mozarts wr iting (Portowitz). Ludwig van Beethoven Having Mozart as his model for his compositional styles, Beethoven had been familiar to the styles of the works of Bach and Handel.He continuously borrowed ideas, techniques and texture of the music of the baroque in his latter musical career. In his later years, wanting to compose certain pieces in a more contrapuntal style, Beethoven worked hard at mastering counterpoint. He studied the music of Bach, Handel, and even of Palestrina. In his late music, he developed a style of counterpoint that is more reminiscent of Handel than Bach. His fugues in his late period are very rhythmic in nature and quite unique in the history of music (Langlois, 2008).Beethoven showed his constant concern with the work of J. S. Bach. He constantly request copies of newly published editions, for example, a copy of the B-minor Mass, from the well-known publishers in Leipzig and Zuurich. In Beethovens sketchbooks, interspersed among work on his own compositions, the re are many entries of short or long passages from Bachs works, among them, the Chromatic Fantasy, and fugues from The Well-Tempered Clavier and The Art of the Fugue (Cramer, 2001).For Beethoven, the sense and aim of the study of his predecessors, was indeed his own further development, toward new ideas. Beethoven described this very clearly in a letter to the Archbishop Rudolph, in which he clearly names Bach and Handel as the only true geniuses, among his predecessors The aim of the world of art, as indeed in the whole creation, is freedom, progress if we moderns have not the same firmness as our ancestors, yet the refinement of our manners has in many ways enlarged our sphere of action.

The Laws in the Reconstruction Era and the Civil Rights Movement

The Laws in the Reconstruction Era and the obliging Rights Movement The civilised rights front line that started and grew through the long time following the Brown v. Board of Education decision of 1954 and with the succor of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (Patterson, 2001) marked an important period that fulfil more than ending segregation in cities and unfair rights it led to the transformation of American social, cultural, and political life. The civil rights movement did non only demonstrate that the rights of African Americans should not be ignored but also showed how a nation as a whole had the power to change itself.The way the civil rights unfolded, gave others a chance to reach equal opportunity in the future. When one thinks of the words civil rights one often thinks of Martin Luther magnates I Have a Dream speech before the nations capital. Many can recall television footage of peaceful marchers being a batched by fire hoses and constabulary dogs. These and other i mages can be seen as a struggle and intense burst of unrelenting activists that characterized the civil rights movement of the mid twentieth century. Yet African Americans have always struggled for their rights.Many consider the civil rights movement to have begun not in the 1950s but when Africans were first brought in chains, centuries earlier, to American shores (Gillon & Matson, 2001). In particular, those African Americans who fought their enslavement and demanded fundamental citizenship rights laid the foundation for the modern civil rights movement. The first slaves were brought to America in 1619 ( Gillon & Matson, 2001). Not until the Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery following the obliging War did blacks gain their freedom (Gillon & Matson, 2001).But the newly freed blacks could not read or write and did not have money or property, and racism and variation remain, especially in the South, where slavery had predominated for so long. To aid black assimilation into e xsanguinous society, federal and ground g overnments implemented many democratic reforms between the years 1865 and 1875, the Reconstruction era (Gillon & Matson, 2001). The Fourteenth Amendment, for example, guaranteed blacks federally protected equal rights, and the Fifteenth Amendment granted black men the right to select (Gillon & Matson, 2001).Despite these and other measures to help the former slaves rights, the effects of the Reconstruction era were short lived. In the area of extreme southern white society, many did whatever it took to keep blacks from enjoying any of the benefits of citizenship. Some, for example, seek to keep African Americans from equal rights through harassment or intimidation. A number of racist groups, such as the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), used even more evil methods including lynching and other forms of violence to terrify African Americans seeking to exercise their rights or advance their social position.You can read alsoSimilarities and Conflicts in a Streetcar Named DesireAs the constitutional guarantees of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments go along to slowly disappear, the Supreme judicial system struck perhaps the most crippling blow to the black struggle for equality In 1896 the Court command in Plessy v. Ferguson that blacks and whites could be legally separated as long as the facilities for each were equal (Chong, 1991). Facilities for blacks and whites were seldom equal. More importantly, the Supreme Courts decision, by legally backing segregation, gave white society a powerful tool to keep blacks from enjoying the rights of citizenship.With the Supreme Court now reinforcing the Souths segregation practices, the environment of white racism gave birth to the Jim Crow Laws, southern customs and laws that kept parks, drinking fountains, streetcars, restaurants, theaters, and other semi earthly concern places segregated (Conklin, 2008). In response to Jim Crow, which by 1900 extended into all parts of public life, several leaders in the black community stepped up to reason political strategies to fight injustice and racial inequality. One of the dominant figures of this early movement for civil rights was an intellectual W.E. B. Du Bois, who encouraged African Americans to fight for the rights that they deserved. Du Bois crusade led, in part, to the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), a civil rights organization that brought together lawyers, educators, and activists to collectively fight for black civil rights (Powledge, 2001). through protests, agitation, and legal action, the NAACP continued a steady campaign to end segregation in housing, education, and other areas of public life.With the outbreak of World War I, well over a quarter of a million black troops joined the military, but were relegated to segregated units (Romano, 2006). At the same time, many blacks traveled north to push back advantage of the rapidly increasing defense industries. This massive migration, however, aggravated unemployment and other problems that already plagued the northern urban centers. Racial problems continued. When the United States entered World War II, African Americans were, as before, subjected to discrimination in the defense ndustries and in military units, despite their willingness to risk their lives in combat (Powledge, 2001). These wartime experiences, along with a growth in the African American population resulted in a surge of black protest that brought Jim Crow under matter scrutiny. During the 1950s, two incidents brought the issue of civil rights squarely into the public spotlight. On May 17, 1954, the NAACP, which had been steadily chipping away at the legal foundations of segregation, won an unprecedented legal victory The Supreme Court unanimously ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional (Polsgrove, 2001). Chief Justice Earl Warren presented the Cou rts decision, in which he describes why separate but equal in education represents a violation of African Americans rights Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the lightlessness group. A instinct of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn.Segregation, with the sanction of law, therefore, has a tendency to inhibit the educational and mental development of Negro children and deprive them of some of the benefits they would perk in a racially integrated school system (Patterson, 2001). By ruling against separate but equal doctrine set by the circumstance Plessy v. Ferguson, the court had struck a blow to segregation. But still many southern racist practices were still being practiced, and many whites remained opposed to change. With the ruling of Brown, the affects remained slow, if not existing at all.Many school officials refused to comply with the ruling and the threat of harassment for the ruling had unleashed fierce resistance pr egressing many black students from enrolling in all-white schools. At the same time, schools for black students remained overcrowded, dilapidated, and, in general, grossly inferior to those that their white counterparts enjoyed (Conklin, 2008). The second incident that captured the public eye unfolded in Montgomery, Alabama, when a woman named Rosa lay started the spark that would provide the momentum for the entire civil rights movement.On December 1, 1955, the NAACP member boarded a public coach-and-four and took a seat in the Negro section in the back of the bus. Later, Parks refused to relinquish her seat to a white passenger, defying the law by which blacks were required to give up their seats to white passengers when the front section, reserved for whites, was filled (Polsgrove, 2001). Parks was immediately arrested. In protest, the black community launched a one-day local boycott of Montgomerys public bus system. As support for Parks began, the NAACP and other leaders took advantage of the opportunity to draw attention to their cause.They enlisted the help of a relatively unknown preacher, Martin Luther King junior , to organize and lead a massive resistance movement that would challenge Montgomerys racist laws (Kohl, 2005). Four days after Parks arrest, the citywide Montgomery bus boycott began (Kohl, 2005). It lasted for more than a year. Despite taunting and other forms of harassment from the white community, the boycotters persevered until the federal courts intervened and desegregated the buses on December 21, 1956 (Kohl, 2005).The Montgomery bus boycott was important because it demonstrated that the black community, through unity and determination, could make their voices heard and effect change. Picketing, boycotting, and other forms of resistance spread to communities throughout the South. Meanwhile, King emerged as the movements preeminent leader. His adherence to the nonviolent tactics used by the Indian nationalist Mohandas Gandhi would largely characterize the entire civil rights movement and inspire large scale participation by whites as well as blacks (Sunnemark, 2003).From 1955 to 1960, the efforts of blacks to bring attention to their cause met with some success. In 1957 Congress passed the Civil Rights Act, the first since Reconstruction, to establish a civil rights division in the Justice Department that would enforce ballot and other rights (Davis, 2001). Meanwhile, the NAACP continued to challenge segregation, and out of that came numbers game of new organizations that where formed. Among these, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), a Christian-based organization founded in 1957 and led by King, became a major force in organizing the civil rights movement (Sunnemark, 2003).An organization called the St udent Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) grabbed the media spotlight, and started many protests when it backed four students who launched a sit-in campaign to desegregate southern lunch counters (Conklin, 2008). Not only was the nonviolent sit in technique used to desegregate other public places, but it gave large numbers of African American youths a way to participate in the movement. This helped gain national attention, bringing equal rights demands before the public eye.The protest movement continued to accelerate as different leaders tested new tactics and strategies. Many established community-based projects that sought to combat the barriers that kept blacks from voting. Others targeted the white terrorism that continued to intimidate blacks into submission. King and other leaders launched a massive campaign that brought together thousands of blacks in Birmingham, Alabama, one of the most segregated and violently racist cities at the time (Sunnemark, 2003). primeval in the campaign, King was arrested and jailed.From his cell, he penned his famous Letter from Birmingham Jail, which earned him the support of many sympathetic whites (Conklin, 2008). Meanwhile, as blacks continued the desegregation campaign in Birmingham, an event occurred that irrevocably commanded the attention of America and its leaders In an effort to stop a demonstration, the notoriously racist police Chief Eugene Bull Connor turned vicious attack dogs and fire hoses on the peaceful demonstrators (Sunnemark, 2003). The force of the water slammed women and children to the ground and sent others hurling through the air.Television coverage and other media reports of these brutal assaults take aback the nation and viewers around the world. After a month of this highly publicized violence, city officials repealed Birminghams segregation laws (Powledge, 2001). In Birminghams aftermath, mass demonstrations continued to spread, as did fierce resistance deep down the white community. In response to these events, King and other leaders planned a mass gathering on the nations capital in the summer of 1963 (Sunnemark, 2003).On August 28, the March on Washington brought an estimated quarter of a million people, black and white, in front of the Lincoln Memorial, where King delivered his now famous I Have a Dream speech (Romano, 2006). This triggered the SNCC to start a wide-scale campaign to bolster voting rights. The group launched a massive voter registration drive throughout the South, concentrating on Mississippi, where less than 5 percent of the states eligible blacks were registered to vote (Conklin, 2008). Freedom Summer, as it became known, was marked by episodes of extreme white terrorism.One of the most heinous examples involved three young civil rights workers. The trio was working to register voters when they were arrested and later murdered by the Ku Klux Klan (Patterson, 2001). By 1965 the voting campaign had shifted to Selma, Alabama, where, under the leadership of King, thousands of demonstrators began a fifty-mile trek to Montgomery (Sunnemark, 2003). This time, as the peaceful demonstrators show uped the Edmund Pettis Bridge, state troopers used police whips and clubs to halt their progress.The scene blasted into American living rooms via the nightly news. After Bloody Sunday, thousands of people gathered again to terminate the march, this time under the protection of the Alabama National Guard (Powledge, 2001). On August 6, 1965, shortly after the highly publicized events in Selma, President Johnson sign-language(a) into law the Voting Rights Act, which, for the first time since Reconstruction, effectively opened up the polls to southern black Americans (Davis, 2001).By the mid-1960s, many black activists started to lose combine in the civil rights reforms that thus far had targeted only the most blatant forms of discrimination (Chong, 1991). While Kings nonviolent direct action approach had dominated the movement, many people particularly in the North, adopted a more revolutionary stance. As a wave of nationalist sentiment grew within the movement, organizations such as SNCC and CORE took up more militant agendas. SNCC, for example, began promoting a program of black power a term that meant racial pride (Conklin, 2008).The superlative spokesman for dusky Nationalism was Malcolm X. With his working-class roots and charismatic style of speaking, Malcolm appealed to a lot of young urban blacks. Malcolm rejected Dr. Kings advocacy of passive resistance and instead urged his followers to secure their rights by any fashion necessary (Sunnemark, 2003). After Malcolms assassination in February 1965, another extremely provocative Black Nationalist group emerged the Black Panthers, a group that boldly adopted the idea by any means necessary (Sunnemark, 2003).Race riots exploded crosswise America, as blacks trapped in urban slums lashed out against the poverty and racism still rampant in their communities . Not only did the riots devastate ghetto areas that were home to millions of African Americans, including those in the Watts section of Los Angeles, but the racial violence started a separation between those who continued to believe that civil rights could be achieved through peaceful means and those who were more violent .Kings assassination in April 1968 struck a blow to the already fractured civil rights movement. Marin Luther King Jr. became the face of national equality not just for African American but to all those who sought justice and freedom. The American civil rights movement nevertheless left a permanent mark on American society. Most of the forms of racial discrimination came to an end, and racial violence decrease. Today, African Americans can freely exercise their right to vote, and in communities where they were once banned from the polls.Millions of African Americans have been lifted out of poverty as a result of the many economic opportunities created by the civil rights movement. besides important, the civil rights movement served as a model for the advancement of other minority groups, including women, the disabled, Hispanics, and many others. The civil rights movement has left a legacy in which generations after it can learn by reading it and not through experiencing it.

Different reasons people communicate Essay

In general, human beings like to proceed with some other human beings. Most of us ar soci adequate to(p) creatures who want to reach out(p) to other pile sound-nigh us. Very few humans lead completely solitary lives. batch in addition announce for specific reasons in order to express Emotions much(prenominal) as Fear Anger offend Joy Love.People want to commove views, wishes and information across to others for all kinds of reasons. Sometimes this skunk be essential even life saving in the case of a warning. It throne be alert to make a mortals quality of life Better if they atomic number 18 communicating that they be in pain or it after part be to make Emotional contact lens with others to express findings.People live and communicate at essayt a range of distinct groups and Communities, including Families Neighborhoods Workplaces Schools and colleges.The nature of talk is very antithetic dependent on the Circumstances. Some communication theory are perso nal and very intimate these are usually with people to whom we are very close. Other communications are for a wider audience and are aimed at groups of people. communication butt end be formal, such as in a courtroom setting, or informal, such as jocks chatting.2 Explain how communication affects human relationships in the work setting. Effective communication is a bipartisan process sending the right message that is also being correctly received and understood by the other person/s. It is essential that there is good and impelling communication taking place within the work setting. Daily tasks will only be successful with smooth transfers of information. In order for me to set up within my role, there must be utile communication among the youngsterren and myself. This will help bread and butter po tantalizeive morale and improve the quality of work. People that do non feel as if they gestate good communication with their carers may non be as efficient with their wor k. Effective communication skills are also emergencyed to encourage staff and myself to talk about what we are feeling, to say what we think or to express our needs, concerns, wishes or preferences.Positive verbal and non-verbal communication skills, such as being friendly, smiling and frisson hands when greeting parents and staff, are required on a daily basis. Effective communication can help promote and create a positive working environ ment. Without communication the world would be a lonely place and communication is particularly most-valuable in the work setting as it can affect the relationships you build. Team communication is important as it is important to keep everyone in the group educated about what is going on within that group. As I would be communicating with parents, colleagues, children and other professionals (i.e. wellness visitors, talk and linguistic communication therapists, social workers, other schools, Police and other governing bodies) it is important that every system is provided the information they need.Communication is vital to establishing effective relationships in the work setting. It would allow you to expect donjon from your colleagues and to provide them with the necessary support in times of stress and awkwardy.re and am there to support the children.3 describe the factors to consider when promoting effective communication.Verbal communicationTone and pitch of your voice, does it suit the situation or topic? A louder much direct communication maybe required if trying to collar the attention of a group of children to number back inside. However this would non be sui remand in a situation whereby a child is upset say for example if they reserve wet themselves and are embarrassed, this would need a quieter and controling tint to reassure them. drill of lyric is important, when talking to children you need to keep things simpler than if you were talking to an full-gr hold, however if you talking to an adult usi ng very simple instructions this may be deemed as patronizing. So it is important to tell apart your language carefull.The speed in which you talk is also key. When talking to children I tend to get crop up to their level and talk to them at a relatively slow speed, this way they are more than probable to understand me more than if I was walking round above them talking as though I would talk to adults.Non-verbal communicationFacial and hand gestures, again this needs to be tailored to the situation or topic. In the example above, a smile and perhaps a hand on their shoulder is decent to the situation. Whereby frowning and waving harness as if annoyed would be detrimental to the feelings of the child.Eye contact is an important factor as this engages the audience, keeping them foc officed on what you are discussing. By making eye contact you are directing your conversation at that specific person, demonstrating that you are devoting your time and are not able to be distracted as if you would by looking around.Body language plays an important part, for example folded arms can indicate you are being defensive or not open to suggestions, whereas slouching, hands on hips, rolling of eyes and huffing can seem rude and disrespectful.4 Be able to get the best barriers to communication.Identifying communication needs substance abuse of personal histories involvement of the individual involvement of family, friends and carers Barriers to communication environmental eg seating, lighting, inter field of study noise, situation of the setting emotional issues eg shyness, low self-esteem social psychological eg mental ill health, results of abuse, discharge sensory, hearing and sight impairment speech and language barriers following strokes cerebral palsy ethnic eg colligate to gender, inappropriate use of gestures side of meat as an additional language. Promotion of communication use of preferred language including British Sign Language use of human aids, inte rpreters, translators use of technological aids, hearing aids, induction loops, transcribe software cultural awareness active listening skills the need to give individuals time to respond speech and language therapyLanguage proficiency affects every aspect of a persons life. Lack of suavity in English has a major impact on peoples index to get information. A social hierarchy exists in most cultures, which can create issues in work communications. For instance, men from some(a) cultural backgrounds may not adapt easily to working pertainly with women. mind the relationship between the sexes and the roles as gulled in various cultures will give you an insight into how customers from particular cultural groups cap competency respond in an Australian environment. Differences in non-verbal behaviorCultural differences in non-verbal behaviors are a universal source of misunderstandings and conflict in the workplace. For instance, many an(prenominal) westerners like to make eye c ontact, interpreting it as an trait of interest and honesty. They also show friendliness through and through relaxed body language. If these behaviors do not happen, it can be interpreted as shiftiness, coldness and disinterest. However, in some cultures, averted eyes and non-demonstrable behavior are. a cross of good manners and respect. Being aware of these Nuances will help you to reduce negative impressions in inter-cultural communications among co-workers and customers.Personal officePeople from diametrical cultural backgrounds may have different comfort zones some Like more distance between themselves and others, some like to be closer.Responses to authorityAttitudes to authority convert markedly between cultures and exert a distinct effect on workplace behaviors.ReligionIn many cultures, theology dominates life in a way that for strongly secular workplaces may be difficult to understand. These differences need to be respected and the needs associated with religious co mmitments understood and sensitively negotiated within the workplace. Clear communication on both sides about these issues is to be encouraged.Personal appearanceGrooming, dietary and eating habits and dress varies in different cultures. Some people within their community may choose to wear their national dress or religious garments. Keep in mind that attitudes and communicative behaviors are not nonsubjective but strongly conditioned by cultural values.As a simple example, if you say to a customer, Please sign here, you expect them to know that you want them to pick up the pen and sign exactly where you have indicated. But, if you think about it, you are assuming that the person _ can hear you_ speaks the English language_ knows how to use a pen_ knows where they need to sign_ knew what a signature was_ understands what they are signing for_If the person didnt hear you, didnt speak English, did not have a signature, didnt know how to use the pen, did not understand where they need ed to sign, or did not know what they were signing for the communication will not be successful.1. Explain how people from different backgrounds may use and/ or interpret communication methods in different ways Language proficiency affects every aspect of a persons life. Lack of smoothness in English has a major impact on peoples great power to get information. Therefore communication skills training is a critical career development to help the children/ young people understand.Roles and statusA social hierarchy exists in most cultures, which can create issues in workplace communications. For instance, men from some cultural backgrounds may not adapt easily to working equally with women. Understanding the relationship between the sexes and the roles assigned in various cultures will give you an insight into how customers from particular cultural groups force respond in an Australian environment.Differences in non-verbal behaviorCultural differences in non-verbal behaviors are a c ommon source of misunderstandings and conflict in the workplace. For instance, many westerners like to make eye contact, interpreting it as an indication of interest and honesty. They also show friendliness through relaxed body language. If these behaviors do not happen, it can be interpreted as shiftiness, coldness and disinterest. However, in some cultures, averted eyes and non-demonstrable behavior are a sign of courtesy and respect. Being aware of these Nuances will help you to reduce negative impressions in inter-cultural communications among co-workers and customers.Personal spacePeople from different cultural backgrounds may have different comfort zones some Like more distance between themselves and others, some like to be closer.Responses to authorityAttitudes to authority vary markedly between cultures and exert a distinct effect on workplace behaviors.Religion in many cultures, religion dominates life in a way that for strongly secular workplaces may be difficult to under stand. These differences need to be respected and the needs associated with religious commitments understood and sensitively negotiated within the workplace. Clear communication on both sides about these issues is to be encouraged.Personal appearanceGrooming, dietary and eating habits and dress varies in different cultures. Some people within the Australian community may choose to wear their national dress or religious garments. Keep in mind that attitudes and communicative behaviors are not neutral but strongly conditioned by cultural values.As a simple example, if you say to a customer, Please sign here, you expect them to know that you want them to pick up the pen and sign exactly where you have indicated. But, if you think about it, you are assuming that the person can hear you, speaks the English language, knows how to use a pen, knows where they need to sign, knew what a signature was, understands what they are signing forIf the person didnt hear you, didnt speak English, did not have a signature, didnt know how to use the pen, did not understand where they needed to sign, or did not know what they were signing for the communication will not be successful.Use of Simple Language Use of simple and slip by language should be emphasized. Use of ambiguous words and jargons should be avoided. Reduction and elimination of noise levels Noise is the main communication barrier which must be overcome on priority basis. It is essential to identify the source of noise and then eliminate that source. active Listening Listen attentively and carefully. There is a difference between listening and hearing. bustling listening means hearing with proper understanding of the message that is heard. By asking questions the speaker can ensure whether his/her message is understood or not by the liquidator in the same harm as intended by the speaker. Emotional State During communication one should make effective use of body language. He/she should not show their emotions whi le communication as the receiver might misapprehend the message being delivered. For example, if the conveyer of the message is in a bad mood then the receiver might think that the information being delivered is not good.Simple Organizational Structure The organizational twist should not be complex. The number of hierarchical levels should be optimum. There should be a ideal scotch of control within the organization. Simpler the organizational structure, more effective will be the communication. Avoid Information clog up The managers should know how to prioritize their work. They should not overload themselves with the work. They should spend quality time with their subordinates and should listen to their problems and feedbacks actively. A stem to the barriers is emotional intelligence which can be mastered and lead to better relationships. Emotional intelligence is the ability to understand others and work with them. There are five characteristics of emotional intelligence. B eing self-aware is the most important. It is the ability to distance oneself from their emotions so that they can look at the emotion without becoming overwhelmed or reacting to it too quickly.This foot of intelligence would help a person who is struggling with stereotyping. If the person knows that every time they see and African American person they go nervous because they believe they are all aggressive, they can take a step back and look at where that emotion came from. Once they have identified the source, they may be able to isolate the emotion and try to move past is by realizing that it is an irrational fear. There is an equal chance that a Caucasian or African American person is aggressive. The second characteristic is the ability to manage emotions which means expressing them in a way that is appropriate for the setting). Once a person has become aware of the emotion, they can come up with a way to handle the emotion. The person who gets nervous around African Americans may be able to look at where they are. If they are at a dinner party at a friends house and the African American friend of the friend shows up, there is a good chance they are not aggressive.The person who is nervous may be able to walk away for a minute to collect themselves and then act as they should through a dinner party. In a setting where a young looking mother is out with her parents, the person might take the time to ask how old she was and what her situation was. The person may stripping that the young mother is responsible and owned up to her mistakes or that the mother is older than they thought and did not make a mistake. The third characteristic is the ability to motivate oneself which is setting a goal and range it. For the person who is nervous around African Americans, the goal may be to sit at the table and hold normal conversation with the dinner guests. They would then have to try to reach that goal by managing their emotions and following through with the din ner. For a person who looks down on teen mothers, the goal may be to accept all mothers as if they are the socially accepted age for parenting unless there is a clear reason why this mother is inadequate.The might reach that goal by always asking questions when they feel that a mother is inadequate because they are young. The fourth intelligence is recognizing emotions in others, which is called empathy. The best way to do this is to listen to what people are really saying and trying to understand it by observing their body language along with their actual language. In genders this can be difficult. Men tend to want to assoil a problem where women want a sounding board, someone who understands them. If they can listen to each other and try to understand what the other wants and how they are feeling, the relationship will go better. For men, they often do not try to understand why a woman is upset when her friend says she should lose a gasp size. He does not put himself in her shoe s and does not easily relate to the problem. Instead, he might try to solve the problem by complimenting her or getting her a gym membership. This is not effective communication.The woman was not looking for a way to lose a pant size, but earlier a person that would understand why she was the size she was and how bad it feels to be told she is too big. Body language plays a part in improving a persons emotional intelligence. A person who is rootage starting out with improving their emotional intelligence, they may come across difficulties in the first four characteristics because what they are saying does not match up to their body language. A person might ask the teen mother her age, but still have a posture that shows they do not approve of this mother having a child. A person who fears African Americans may be able to sit through a dinner and talk nice, but might look as though they are ready to run out of the room if a butter knife is picked up the wrong way. The fifth part ch aracteristic is the ability to handle relationships.The person needs to recognize their own needs as well as the needs of the other person. They need to find a balance where both sets of needs, is met as fully as possible. If the person is always bending to meet all the needs of another person and neglecting their own needs, they are not going to be satisfied with the relationship for long. On the other hand, if the person ignores the other persons needs and only fulfills their own needs, the other person is not going to be satisfied for long. With an understanding of how barriers, culture, gender, and emotional intelligence effect communication, a person is more able to communicate effectively and have fulfilling relationships. If these things are ignored, communication breaks down and a person can become isolated. 4. Be able to apply principles and practices relating to confidentiality.