Art With Cassical Myth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Craftsmanship With Cassical Myth - Essay Example Within the cup gives a knowledge of other two Achaeans, who are engaged with a conversation of the earth shattering occasions impartially spread over the outside friezes. This is perhaps the most punctual case wherein a solitary epic topic connects every one of the three pictures. Braises are imagined dressed like a lady of the hour when she takeoffs from the Achilles camp. A wedding motion is given when she lifts her shroud with one hand and a firm pull at the wrist. She is joined by her military escorts who are in military dress marked as Agamemnon.† In his flight, his friend Diomedes a significant Greek saint at Troy makes his essence to be viewed as a sort of prolepsis reference portrayed on the opposite side of the container, at the international safe haven to Achilles. Our jar bolsters our elective form in the epic custom, that Agamemnon had utilized dangers to proceed to bring braizes. This is bolstered by Achilles words to his mom that Agamemnon has his prize away. Thes e words are resounded their locales in his revilement against Agamemnon and Nestor while having a contention with Agamemnon to offer some kind of reparation. Here we start to see the dangers presented on the brains of the characters and what really happened.Diomedes didn't have a place with the international safe haven scene either did it exist. He is a simple mention, as one of the more youthful and generally excited of the Achaean saints. He demonstrates his unwaveringness to Agamemnon and the Greeks. Markons scene gets power by putting Agamemnon in physical contact with braizes, in spite of the fact that it loses its significance through the exclusion of Achilles.

Factors That Affects the Behavior of Students

Part I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING INTRODUCTION This exploration paper is about the components that influence the conduct of secondary school understudies in managing others. The scientist picked this sort of issue to know about the particular conduct of her individual classmates, schoolmates, cluster mates, and so forth. The analyst directed this examination to know the powerful ramifications for the practices. Behaviorism,â aâ movementâ inâ psychology that advocates the utilization of severe trial strategies to consider discernible conduct n connection to the environment.The behavioristic perspective on brain research has its foundations in the works of the British associationist thinkers just as in the American functionalist school of brain science and the Darwinian hypothesis of advancement, the two of which stress the way that people adjust and change in accordance with the earth. These issues upset relations with friends and grown-ups and meddle with tutoring. Childrenâ an dâ adolescents who have conduct issue ordinarily experience issues that are uniquely not the same as the conduct of understudies of comparable age and social background.Students with behavior issue may display any of a wide assortment of issues. Behaviorâ disordersâ result from numerous causes, including organic, familial, and ecological components. Treatmentâ ofâ emotional or conduct issue has incited discussion. Articulation of the Problem This examination tested on research the components that influence the conduct of secondary school understudies in managing others in Maryhill College as saw by the chose third year understudies during the school year 2012-2013.Specifically, the investigation endeavored to address the accompanying inquiries: 1. Which factor influences the conduct of young people most? 2. What are the methods of associating with others by the understudies with social issue? 3. What are the suggestions that may forestall this conduct to turn out to be most noticeably terrible? 4. What are the impacts of being harassed on the teenager’s conduct? Hugeness of the Study The investigation about components that influence the conduct of secondary school understudies in managing others is viewed as significant for the understudies, instructors, guardians, and administrators.In this examination, we will have the option to find unmistakable reasons or reasons for the strange conduct of an understudy. In the event that we will have the option to find the reasons for this conduct or some potential medications and suggestions, we can keep it from being more regrettable. This investigation will profit the guardians by knowing the best possible method of child rearing and bringing up their youngsters with this sort of issue conduct and the instructors by staying alert on the best way to appropriately teach their understudies who have been managing this sort of issue conduct. This examination will likewise profit the analyst and the subject i nstructor in the store of knowledge.Scope and Delimitation This examination is led to decide the variables that influence the conduct of secondary school understudies in managing others. The respondents will be from the chosen secondary school understudies of Maryhill Collge. It might likewise be from different fields if necessary. This investigation will be led for the school year 2012-2013. Meaning of Terms Behaviorism-a development in brain research that advocates the utilization of severe examination techniques to contemplate discernible conduct according to the environment.Behavior-the manner by which an individual, creature, or gathering reacts to a particular arrangement of conditions Radical Behaviorism - essential behaviorism Peers-someone who is the equivalent of another person in age or social class Nurture-individuals are affected by qualities Genes-the fundamental unit fit for transmitting attributes starting with one age then onto the next Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This Chapter will introduce studies and writing that will offer light to the researcher’s issue and will assist her with showing up in the investigation and understanding of the discoveries. Related LiteratureThe social conduct and perspectives of a youngster, even as he becomes more established and interacts with an ever increasing number of individuals outside the house, are impressions of examples common in the child’s home. Propensity is an enduring preparation and office, conceived of as often as possible rehashed represents acting in a specific way. Propensities are obtaining tendencies towards something to be finished. The word â€Å"habit-forming† that we use to allude to specific encounters shows how simple to survive or modify. It secures a solid willed individual to address a propensity effectively inside a constrained time of time.Habits are procured. When obtained, they become hard to adjust. They are in this manner moderately lasting. Securing a propensity resembles beginning a pathway over a yard. Propensities are not shaped in a moment. They result from continually rehashed activities. After they are framed, they don't disappear in a flash. It would procure a gigantic exertion to change a propensity. When family foundation attributes were controlled, homeroom impacts, for example, kids' general conduct were broke down, as were cross-level communications among study hall and family effects.The results uncovered that great conduct in the study hall and sufficiency of study hall supplies were the most steady indicators of progress in kids' discretion and conduct. Besides, cross-level associations proposed that great conduct in the study hall and supplies can help strength by permitting youngsters to defeat certain deficiencies at home. Suggestions for additional examination and instructive strategy are talked about. These two types of conduct are identified with quarreling. This may comprise of calling o thers epithets that excite their displeasure or putting accentuation on their physical or mental weaknesses.In tormenting, the aggressor endeavors to cause physical torment on others as a result of the joy he gets from viewing their uneasiness and their endeavors to fight back. More established kids normally participate in these two types of conduct. Friend pressure is related in young people of all ethnic and racial foundations with in danger practices, for example, cigarette smoking, truancy, sedate use, sexual movement, battling, shoplifting, and thrill seeker stunts. Once more, peer bunch esteems and perspectives impact more unequivocally than do family esteems the degree of high school liquor use.The all the more tolerating peers are of hazardous conduct, and the more they take part in that conduct, the more probable an individual is to do something very similar. Culture and way of life firmly influence conduct for the remarkably evident explanation that they are conduct. One's way of life is an assortment of practices and propensities that one propagates. One's way of life is the setting where one authorizes those practices and propensities which make up one's way of life and, because of the idea of setting, culture will, of need, influence one's way of life and, by association, behavior.All kids take part in awful conduct occasionally yet a few youngsters show exceptionally testing conduct that are reliably unseemly for their age. Regularly those kids don't just show a social issue, yet have a basic conduct issue. While there are numerous social issue that may e analyzed in kids, three of the most well-known incorporate Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Conduct Disorder (CD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Social Development implies the accomplishing of development in the social relationships.It is the way toward figuring out how to fit in with bunch guidelines, mores and conventions and turning out to be pervaded with a feeling of unity, intercommunications, and collaboration. It was applied to a gathering inside the sociologies for the most part comprehended to envelop humanities, human science, and brain science, aside from certain nonbehavioral or nonscientific parts of other social and organic sciences, for example, science, financial aspects, history, geology, law, psychiatry and political theory. The point of conduct science is to build up speculations about human conduct that can be upheld by experimental evidence.The investigation of gathering conduct has a long custom among social researchers in different orders; it doesn't limit itself to any of the perceived sociologies alone. The administration field has been among those exceptionally keen on examining bunch conduct, especially in the Philippines where individuals even in the work setting have shown solid groupy inclinations as appeared in their acts of â€Å"tayo-tayo†(we condition), smooth relational connections and â€Å"pagsasamahan †(togetherness). Qualification is made between human acts and demonstrations of man. The human demonstrations are those activities which man performs intentionally, openly and voluntarily.These activities are the aftereffect of cognizant information and are dependent upon the control of the will. We will allude to those activity as purposeful, deliberate, or intentionally. The demonstrations of man are those activities which occur in man. They are natural and are not inside the control of the will. Such activities are the organic and physiological developments in man, for example, digestion, breath, dread, outrage, love and envy. Human conduct comprises of any demonstration of a distinctive individual that mirrors his musings feeling, feelings, and suppositions and by and large, his state or condition.These might be cognizant or oblivious exercises that are anticipated on his needs, qualities, inspirations and yearnings. The specialty of human conduct is an old as the connecti on between and among people and gatherings. Conduct alteration depends on the reason that conduct is constrained by the idea of its outcomes. The likehood that practices will be rehashed increments when it is joined by great outcomes. Nonattendance of any noteworthy outcomes prompts instinction of behavior.Thus, so as to get the ideal practices over the long haul, these must be went with. Related Studies According to Watson’s hypothesis, every single complex type of conduct †feelings, propensities, and such †are viewed as

Can You, Should You Set Up a Blog for Free

Can You, Should You Set Up a Blog for Free Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Can You, Should You Set Up a Blog for Free?Updated On 06/12/2017Author : Ram kumarTopic : BloggingShort URL : https://hbb.me/2k0MAni CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogHow low can you go? Can you set up a blog for $20? $10? Free?Your blog has different parts, hosting, domain name, theme, and plugins. Can you get them all for free, and if you can, is that a good idea?Your Blog’s Domain NameDomain names cost money, but there are two ways you can get one for free:Free domain with web hostingUse a subdomainWhen you pay for web hosting, you usually get a free domain name. Sounds good, and if you know your host will still be there in ten years, no problem. The only issue arises if your host goes bust, which is something you won’t hear about until it has happened. It might then be difficult to renew your domain, especially if the host’s fall from grace occurred yesterday. Your host crashing and burning is a risk, but a small one, so this is probably a good way to save $16 a year.Using a subdomain is free, but has its own problems. If you use this option, your site will be www.josoap.blogspot.com or www.josoap.wordpress.com or something similar.There are three issues:It looks amateurishYour content could be wiped out at the whim of a Blogspot or WordPress employee if the company decides your site content is questionableBlogspot or WordPress could be wiped off the Internet map tomorrow1. AmateurishSite visitors know you are using a free domain and see you as lacking faith in your own site: If you won’t spend a few dollars on a domain name then you must think your site will fail, so why should they even bother reading what you have to say, let alone buy your products.2. Content WipeoutUsing any third party platform has risks. WordPress.com or Blogspot can change their policies without notice, leading you to be in breach of them. If a competitor compl ains about your site the company could assign someone to investigate the complaints, or they could just delete your site: Which do you think is more likely?3. Disappearing Blogspot or WordPress.comNot a likely scenario, but most bloggers would still prefer to be in full control of their online destiny.READWhy Your Blog Isn't Getting the Traffic It Should?Your HostingHosting companies change their policies and offer from one week to the next, and it is impossible to keep on top of them all. This is where you need independent reviews of cheap hosting companies.Screenshot sourceThe Host Advice screenshot above shows how easy it is to compare free hosting companies and that a few have top user ratings, though disk space is often limited.You can often find discount codes that reduce the headline price of hosting packages, but the discount usually only applies for a few months.Your SoftwareWordPress.org is the free blogging platform of choice. WordPress.org is different from WordPress.co m, which you should avoid at all costs.WordPress.org is easy to use and has thousands of free themes and plugins you can use to add various functions to your blog. Most hosts offer a one-click installation of WordPress, which means there are no technology barriers between you and your new blog.Your ThemeYour website appearance depends on your theme, and there are thousands of free themes to choose from. Most free themes are unsupported and don’t update when WordPress updates (about every six weeks.)Every year there is a new free WordPress theme from the community of developers. These themes; TwentyTen, TwentyEleven, TwentyTwelve, etc. are updated for every new WordPress version, so you will never run into compatibility issues. Every one of this group of themes will load quickly, minimizing visitor dropout.Your PluginsPaid plugins have lots of extra functions and can save you time, but free plugins work well for small blogs. Check for compatibility with your version of WordPress an d the ‘last update’ to avoid problems. This list of free plugins would be an excellent place to start.The Short VersionThere are highly-rated free hosting deals around, and a few even include a free domain name, so don’t bother with free blogspot.com sites. So, yes, you can set up a blog for free. Are you going to run into problems following the free route? Not if you do your research, but you will need to upgrade your hosting to a paid plan as your blog grows.

Essay on The Global Economy and the Stages of Recovery

The global economy and the stages of recovery: As is known, there has been a decline in global GPD growth rates during the last two years due to the global financial crisis which began in August 2007; it is considered one of the most serious crises experienced by the global economy since World War II. According to the latest update to the World Economic Outlook by the International Monetary Fund (January 26, 2010), global GDP growth fell from 5% p.a. in 2007 to 3.2% in 2008, dropping to -.08% by 2009. According to the report, the world economy has begun to expand again, and there have been improvements in financial conditions. It is a significant improvement, but it will still take time to return to where it was in the past.†¦show more content†¦As can be seen in the capital markets indexes, the indicators fell sharply throughout the world without exception. This decline led to a loss of confidence among investors. Currently, the capital markets passed their nadir in the beginning of 2009 and the market has started recovering from all-time lows. In addition, investor confidence has improved, while economies remain weak, although growth is expected. The majority have in fact returned to growth, albeit only showing a slight rise. Experts are split into two camps: the optimistic and the pessimistic, with some experts expecting a return of the recession while others anticipate recovery.(Revisiting the global crisis,2009) This table below shows the performance for some capital markets indices over the past three years according to CNBC: 2007 2008 Change (%) 2009 Change (%) DOW JONES INDU AVERAGE NDX 13,246.53 8,776.39 -33.75% 10,428.05 18.82% NASDAQ NMS COMPOSITE 2,652.28 1,577.05 -40.54% 2,269.15 43.89% SP 500 1,435.65 903.25 -37.08% 1,115.10 23.45% FTSE 100 6,456.90 4,434.17 -31.33% 5,412.88 22.07% DAX 8,067.32 4,810.20 -40.37% 5,957.43 23.85% CAC 40 5,614.08 3,217.97 -42.68% 3,936.33 22.32% HANG SENG INDEX 27,812.65 14,387.48 -48.27% 21,872.50 52.02% NIKKEI 225 15,307.78 8,859.56 -42.12% 10,546.44 19.04% SHANGHAI SE COMPOSITE INDEX 5,261.56 1,820.81 -65.39% 3,277.14 79.98% Saudi Arabia The Saudi economy in 2010: A great number of reports expect anShow MoreRelatedThe Four Stages Of The Business Cycle799 Words   |  4 PagesThe four stages of the business cycle are complex phases that our economy undergoes. To grasp the concept of the stages, you must first be familiarized with the business cycle itself. The business cycle is the alternating periods of growth and decline. Or to be more intricate, â€Å"The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real gross domestic product (GDP) and other macroeconomic variables,† (Inc.com). A business cycle is comprisedRead MoreWhy India Recovered Quickly From The 2008 Global Crisis Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesWhy India recovered quickly from the 2008 global crisis? Vivek Shah MBA AF 629 December 12, 2016 Introduction It’s the most heard term about the global economy in the recent years and it’s the year we have been always hearing about its 2008. We all have been a part of it in some or the other way and all the major economies had been affected by the global turmoil which eventually lead to the worst situation after the Great depression of 1929. 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In 2008, the U.S.-originated financial turmoil threatened the global capitalist system. All countries in the world were affected. The repercussions of the turmoil widespread around the globe resulted in various issues in theRead MoreThe Government And Indonesian Central Bank1280 Words   |  6 PagesIn the past decades, the Indonesian banking system has experienced significant changes. The economic crisis that hit Indonesia in 1997-1998 has resulted in a deteriorate bank performance and the banking system nearly collapsed. The economy declined by 13% in 1998 and the country had to take a 43 billion USD bailout fund by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as its currency weakened, companies could not pay their loans and at least 80 banks failed or were nationalized (Setiaji and Chen, 2012).Read MoreEconomic Analysis : Forecasting The Health Of Economy Is Foreign Trade1258 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluential economic indicators in forecasting the health of economy is Foreign Trade. Eac h month and each year, the U.S Bureau of Economic Analysis provides a census of trades of goods and services and international transactions, and we can use those data to determine whether we have been recovering or not from the most recent recession, if we are at the peak of recovery, or declining. To do that, we will also look at international economies such as Germany, Japan, European Union, China, India and BrazilRead MoreBusiness Cycle And Recovery Period Analysis1448 Words   |  6 Pageswhere the GDP of the economy is increasing, is encapsulated in the term ‘recovery’. Subsequently, an increase in national output would ensue, thus prompting the recovery and growth of the economy. As opposed to the previously existent contractionary period, the economy would now be working at higher capacity allowing factors such as the rate of unemployment to decline, in addition to increasing productivity. Illustrated in the diagram below shows the business cycle and recovery pe riod. As shownRead MoreImpact Of The Asian Financial Crisis Of 1997 On The Region s Development1704 Words   |  7 Pagesthe crisis, what countries where mainly affected, how economies managed to recover, as well as using Rostows five stages of economic growth to analyze the stage of development the region had reached both pre and post crisis. What must be considered through-out the essay is that despite looking at the region as a whole, the impact that the crisis had on each individual economy in the region varied. When taking into account Rostow’s Five stages of economic growth theory, it can be argued that pre-crisisRead MoreSimplified Chinese English German Traditional Chinese Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagesrating agencies downgraded Greece s sovereign rating, which the Greek sovereign debt crisis spread to the whole of Europe .2012 In January, Standard Poor s downgraded the credit ratings of nine countries in the euro area, including France, The global economic situation is more severe debt crisis may further escalation of the European Union as China s largest trading partner, largest export market, the largest source of technology import, and the second largest import market, study the EuropeanRead MoreUnion Budget Review1366 Words   |  6 PagesN.S Roll No: 8, SIES EMBA 2012 CONTENTS Overview of Indian Economy Approach to Budget Key Attributes of 2012-2013 Budget Challenges Going Forward OVER VIEW OF INDIAN ECONOMY The Indian economy had left behind the low-growth track of the early 1980s, following the bold economic reforms initiated in 1991-93. India began to appear as a significant player in the global economy. India’s exports began to climb, its foreign exchange reserves, which for decades

Personal Statement Asb Adviser - 804 Words

As many of my classmates know, I just resigned from my district of ten years to join a new district. My last evaluation was one of the contributing factors to this move. I taught at a very small high school (82 students). Two years ago, I accidently volunteered to be the volleyball coach, yearbook advisor, and ASB advisor in addition to my assigned role as English 9 and 10 teacher. The position as ASB adviser consumed most of my hours outside of class and led to a tumultuous year filled with almost constant harsh public and private criticism, minimal support (at one point I was owed $2,000 in reimbursements because my administrator refused to give me a credit card), unnecessary obstacles, micromanaging, long hours, almost no support supervision or labor support from my colleagues, and negotiating screaming matches between my ASB officers and the principal. My student leaders worked hard to build community on campus and held many engaging events which positively impacted school c ulture. However, they were incredibly unhappy with the principal because they felt she refused to approve many of the events the planned for no apparent reason, complained about the work they were doing, treated them rudely at events and in meetings, was never on campus, behaved in a â€Å"fake† manner around guests, and did a poor job of running the school in general (we have not had a working behavior system the entire time she has been principal). The school board became aware of this situationShow MoreRelatedEssay about Discuss the Need for Regulation in Financial Reporting1524 Words   |  7 Pagesin Financial Reporting There is a need for regulation in financial reporting because of a number of reasons. There are several major user groups of financial reporting, some of which include equity investor groups, employee groups, analyst adviser group, the government, the public and other stakeholders. These different stakeholders however, need to be able to interpret and use financial information in a systematic way in order to make the necessary financial decisions. If these differentRead MoreInternational Financial Accounting155754 Words   |  624 Pages........................................................................ 57 Ledger accounts and double entry..................................................................................................... 71 From trial balance to financial statements ......................................................................................... 99 Part D Recording transactions and events 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Sales tax ..............................................................................Read MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesadvantage. A company that developed a strong global franchise with its customers could maximise return on its in-house products and was in a good position to attract the best in-licensing candidates. The traditional focus of drug marketing was the personal ‘detail’ in which a sales representative (rep) discussed the merits of a drug in a face-toface meeting with a doctor and often handed over free samples. Pharmaceutical promotion was subject to industry self-regulation. For example, in the UK, repsRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesNo doubt such abilities reflect Michael’s early grounding in both the practice of accounting and its economic theorization, the former at Ford and the latter initially at the London School of Economics and the reafter as a lifetime endeavour. But personal though his achievements may be, they are also reflective of a wider tradition of significant involvement in the practical sphere by senior British accounting academics. For we must remember that it was Professor Edward Stamp who was one of the first

The Negative Impact of Pornography on Behavior Essay

Studies have shown that pornography has several significant effects on an individual. A study in 2000 conducted by Oddone-Paolucci, Genuis, and Violato revealed information on the correlation between pornography consumption and behaviour (Oddone-Paolucci et al., 2000). Out of 12,323 people, eighty-five percent of people were sampled from the U.S.A, eleven percent from Canada, and two studies were done in Europe (Oddone-Paolucci et al., 2000). Overall, the analysis of the results showed â€Å"a thirty-one percent increase in the risk of sexual deviancy, a twenty-two percent increase in the risk of sexual perpetration, a twenty percent increase in the risk of experiencing negative intimate relationships, and a thirty-one percent increase in the†¦show more content†¦Moreover, it is proven that repeated exposure to pornography especially deviant forms plays a huge role in shaping a male’s fantasies, outlook on life, and overall beliefs (Lalumiere et al., 2005). Impact on Marriage and Relationships: The consumption of pornography can cause instability in a marital relationship and even create a risk of separation. According to the information presented in the General Social Survey, taken in 2000, people who said they were in a happy marriage were sixty-one percent less likely to watch pornography in contrast to those who were Internet users and participated in the survey (Stack et al., 2004). Another study conducted by Bridges, Bergner and Hesson-McInnis, concluded â€Å"married women are significantly more distressed by a partner’s online pornography consumption than women in dating relationships, and that Internet pornography consumption is viewed as a threat to the relationship.† (Bridges et al., 2003). Furthermore, another studied looked at the consumption of common nonviolent pornography on males and females (Zillman Bryant, 1988). After six weeks of hourly sessions of exposure, participants recorded being less satisfied with their partners especially with th eir partner’s appearance, willingness to sexually experiment, and sexual performance (Zillman Bryant, 1988). Moreover, throughout several studies, women expressed feelings of betrayal, anger, and mistrust after findingShow MoreRelatedEssay on Behind Closed Doors864 Words   |  4 Pagesthirteen Jacob has been addicted to online pornography. The physical and mental pain of his sexual frustration takes a toll on his life. When Jacob gained access to the internet in his room, he was able to enter a portal of adult content without supervision. Now he is paying the consequences, having to pay for therapy and make a slow recovery. Compulsive and sexually risky behavior can occur due to too much viewing of pornography and have a negative impact on the brain. Undeniably, an increase in theRead MoreThe National Statistics For Computer Ownership Essay774 Words   |  4 Pageswhy during the last decade pornography turned out to be easily available and abundant mainly though Internet (Braun-Courville Rojas, 2009). The above data expose how everyday internet pornography get closer to our underage teens and children all around the nation and without distinction. Researchers Ybarra, Mitchell, Hamburger Diener-West and Leaf suggested that national data pointed out that around 23% of teens between ages 10-15 in the U.S. have searched for pornography intentionally during theRead More The Pros and Cons of Pornography Essay951 Words   |  4 Pagesare able to access pornography and see their sexual fantasies come to life (King 418). According to King, â€Å"One third of all use of the internet is connected to porn sites,† (419). With explicit sexual material nearly impossible to avoid, it may be difficult to decipher between what is normal sexual behavior and what is merely fantasy. There is belief that the sexual activities of women presented in pornography effect both genders’ perceptions of what is normal female sexual behavior. Many argue thatRead MoreIs Pornography Addiction A Sexual Addiction?752 Words   |  4 PagesAs previously mentioned, pornography addiction is a sexual addiction. Like most addictions, there is not one s ingle cause for the addiction. Rather, there are several factors that play into the role of addiction such as biological, psychological, socio-cultural, and spiritual factors. Individuals may have a genetic makeup or biological variables that make them more susceptible to acquiring a sexual addiction such as pornography. The ability to overcome impulsive behavior with rational thought variesRead MoreEffects of The Internet On Teenagers Essays783 Words   |  4 Pagesperhaps one of the greatest inventions of the last century, but unfortunately this occurrence has made some negative impact on our society and children. Teenagers are the most common group of society who can get artificial by the internet. As a matter of fact, internet addiction is a common habit for teenagers which will affects their future, also can have an effect on their social behavior and their education. Teenagers are spending more time on internet with watching movies, gaming, chatting,Read MorePornography and the New Media Essay1220 Words   |  5 PagesPornography and New Media Pornography, depending on how one defines it, has existed for thousands of years in the forms of picture, sculpture, performance, and writing. Over the centuries the advent of new media has broadened the flow of distribution of pornography and erotica to the masses, making it readily accessible. From the printing press, to photography, to film, each new medium has provoked a call for censorship from concerned citizens during the early stages of its existence. PornographyRead MoreThe Effects Of Pornographic Websites On Young Children1363 Words   |  6 Pagestherefore, lawmakers and responsible internet providers should increase censorship measures on mature sites to protect minors on the internet since children can be influenced by such material leading to negative behavioral effects, they can imitate sexual actions and participate in sexual behavior, there would be an increase in inappropriate content as the internet ages, and anonymity would not always protect children from adult sexual predators. Children are easily influenced due to their developingRead MoreThe Negative Impact of Pornography on Society Essay924 Words   |  4 Pages Pornography is tearing apart the very fabric of our society. Yet Christians are often ignorant of its impact and apathetic about the need to control this menace. Pornography is an $8 billion a year business with close ties to organized crime.The wages of sin are enormous when pornography is involved. Purveyors of pornography reap enormous profits through sales in so-called adult bookstores and viewing of films and live acts at theaters. Pornography involves books, magazines,Read MoreKids and Social Networking: Danger at Their Fingertips? Essay1141 Words   |  5 Pagesnetworking account. Ever heard of Pornography on a social networking website or any website really? This ties in on social networking in these young men and women. Most kids are exposed by such inappropriate ads, pressures, content on social networking websites (www.accap.org). Also, little social networking websites such as Ask.fm, can have people post ANY question they want (www.today.com). This means that a person can post anything referring to sex, pornography. inappropriate intentions, and moreRead MoreThe Reasons For And Against Making Pornography Illegal1560 Words   |  7 PagesShannon Levy†¨Phil2630 MWF- 11:15-12:05†¨Ã¢â‚¬Å"Weigh the reasons for and against making pornography illegal.† â€Å"The only thing pornography is known to cause directly is the solitary act of masturbation. As for corruption, the only immediate victim is english prose† - Gore Vidal. There are many reasons for or against the ban on pornography, some argue that porn is addictive, creates unrealistic expectations of sex and additionally may lead to a more demoralizing or violent nature towards woman. On the

Economic Reforms In Australian Tourism Industry Free Sample Solution

Question: Describe about the Economic Reforms in Australian Tourism Industry. Answer: The tourism industry in Australia has been identified as one of the crucial component of the economy of the country. According to the data released by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Australian Tourism industry has contributed 3 percent of the entire GDP of the Australian economy adding AU$47.5 billion in 2014-15 financial year. Moreover, the Australian Tourism industry has significantly contributed to the employment situation providing employment to 580,800 people that are 5 percent of the entire workforce of the country during 2014-15 (Abs.gov.au, 2016). In addition to that more than 7.4 million international as well as domestic visitors have contributed 8 percent of the export earnings in 2014-15 (Prideaux, Moscardo and Laws, 2016). The essay has been designed to discuss the microeconomics reforms in the Australian Tourism industry and the impact of the same on the economic prosperity. In the selected article, Young and Winter (2014) have discussed the national regulatory reforms targeted towards Australias tourism industry. Moreover, the article has provided a detailed argument on the current administration of the federal government in Australia to improve the standards of the tourism industry (Young and Winter, 2014). Through the identification of significant measures and legal remedies, a brief discussion on the reform agenda and the industry code of conduct have been scrutinised to investigate the self-regulatory approach of the tourism sector. Under the contemporary business scenario in the Australian tourism market, the federal government of Australia has to deal with significant issues and policies to operate smooth acceleration of the industry (Simmons, 2014). Through the identification of deliberate accreditation schemes, the government of Australia has aimed to remove burdensome licensing regimes so that the position of the travel and tourism business enterprises can be improved. Also, the federal government has wanted to make some reforms in the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) (CCA) so that the protection for target demographics and international tourists has been increased to the highest standards (Airey and Ruhanen, 2014). Moreover, by promoting significant National Schemes in the Australian Tourism industry, the federal government can inject liquidity into the sector for further development (Young and Winter, 2014). The existing regime in the Australian tourism industry must promote significant advantages to the international as well as domestic visitors so that the consumers can show more interests in the Australian tourism industry. Along with that, the tourism industry reform requires amendments in the Travel Agents Legislations so that fair competition can be restored among the market competitors (Alonso and Northcote, 2010). In the given scenario, further discussion has been presented on the reform agenda for further argument perspective. The COAG commissioned a review of the protection measures in the tourism industry of Australia. The review was conducted by the Price Water House Coopers in the year 2010 (Standing and Vasudavan, 2010). It was found through the review that there is a need of reform in the tourism industry regulations of Australia. It will help to adopt necessary changes according to the National Tourism Accreditation Framework and Australian Consumer Law. A draft plan was published in the year 2012 after consulting with the public (Young and Winter, 2014). The recommendations in the Travel Industry Transition Plan include the new Travel Agents Legislations. The plan recommended increasing reliance on corporations law, oversight mechanism, industry specific remedies, and general consumer protection legislation (Fong, 2012). The plan introduced resolution schemes to protect the consumers right visiting Australia. Furthermore, the reformed agenda was formed to increase online and direct travel transactions that will promote tourism in the country. Along with that, the visitors were allowed with better safety measures after the incidents of racial discrimination in the country (Airey and Ruhanen, 2014). The Australian government introduced new initiatives to promote the national tourism over the online platform. New digital marketing tactics were used to promote Australia tourism business over the globe. Furthermore, the state and territorial government also introduced few reforms to promote tourism over the national and global platform. New reforms were made in the Travel Agents Repeal Bill in the year 2014 by the Victoria government (Young and Winter, 2014). Furthermore, reforms have been made by the Queensland government and New South Wales government to promote Tourism in the regions. The primary purposes of the economic reforms were to create transparency in the tourism industry. Furthermore, the reform aims to confidence among the investors and stakeholders. It will help the government to raise funds for the development of the tourist spots in the country. Furthermore, the reforms have been made to ensure compliance with the Australian Consumer Law. The reforms made for the tourist agents will help to provide a competitive marketing advantage to the market leaders in the Australian Tourism Industry (Young and Winter, 2014). The reforms will help to have flexible government regulations than the previous legislations. The reforms will help to have a better quality control and monitoring system within the tourism industry. The changes in the policies will provide a complaint handling system that can be accessed over the digital platform (Liu and Liu, 2009). The new complaints handling system is cost effective, user friendly and time saving. Hence, it can be seen th at the reforms were made by the government after conducting the review of the Australian Tourism industry (Dowling, 2008). These reforms are necessary to promote tourism in Australia and attract visitors from all across the globe. Recently, it can be seen that the necessary changes made in the government policies have helped the Australia Tourism sector to grow. People coming from the Asian countries to visit Australia have increased in the past few years. Hence, it is estimated that further economic reforms will be made to make Australia the first choice for international tourists. The identified improvements in the Australian tourism industry can motivate the market competitors to explore the opportunities in a fair way. Furthermore, the reforms will open up new dimensions as the regulatory measures will become more active. Invariably, these reforms can set high standards of services towards the international clients. Through the identification of the market risks, the regulatory measures can stop any chances of deception protecting the rights of the foreign visitors. Meanwhile, the affirmative reforms directed towards the Australian tourism industry can help to establish long-lasting relations with the international tourists. Undoubtedly, the reforms will strengthen the growth structure of the Australian tourism industry. References Abs.gov.au. (2016).Tourism and Transport - Australian Bureau of Statistics. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/Tourism-and-Transport [Accessed Sep. 2016]. Airey, D. and Ruhanen, L. (2014). Tourism Policy-Making in Australia: A National and State Perspective.Tourism Planning Development, 11(2), pp.149-162. Alonso, A. and Northcote, J. (2010). The development of olive tourism in Western Australia: a case study of an emerging tourism industry.International Journal of Tourism Research, 12(6), pp.696-708. Dowling, R. (2008). Three Conferences in Western Australia: Wine, Geography of Tourism Ecotourism.Tourism Recreation Research, 23(2), pp.78-80. Fong, C. (2012). Government policy guidelines in Australia.Government Publications Review, 9(5), pp.401-406. Liu, A. and Liu, H. (2009). Government approaches to tourism: an international inquiry.International Journal of Tourism Policy, 2(3), p.221. Prideaux, B., Moscardo, G. and Laws, E. (2016).Managing tourism and hospitality services. Wallingford: CABI. Simmons, D. (2014).Inquiry into the impact of Australia's taxation regime on the tourism industry. [Canberra]: [The Committee]. Standing, C. and Vasudavan, T. (2010). The Impact of Internet on Travel Industry in Australia.Tourism Recreation Research, 25(3), pp.45-54. Young, T. and Winter, K. (2014).Risking international reputational damage to Australia's tourism industry: the potential fallout of national regulatory reform - Media, Telecoms, IT, Entertainment - Australia. [online] Mondaq.com. Available at: https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/313628/Hotels+Hospitality/Risking+international+reputational+damage+to+Australias+tourism+industry+the+potential+fallout+of+national+regulatory+reform [Accessed Sep. 2016].

Animalism Vs. Marxism Essays - Marxist Theorists, Old Bolsheviks

Animalism Vs. Marxism Animalism Vs. Marxism Characters, items, and events found in George Orwells book, Animal Farm, can be compared to similar characters, items, and events found in Marxism and the 1917 Russian Revolution. This comparison will be shown by using the symbolism that is in the book with similarities found in the Russian Revolution. Old Major was a prized-boar that belonged to Farmer Jones. The fact that Old Major is himself a boar was to signify that radical change and revolution are, themselves, boring in the eyes of the proletariat (represented by the other barnyard animals), who are more prone to worrying about work and survival in their everyday life. Old Major gave many speeches to the farm animals about hope and the future. He is the main animal who got the rebellion started even though he died before it actually began. Old Major's role compares to Lenin and Marx whose ideas were to lead to the communist revolution. Animal Farm is a criticism of Karl Marx, as well as a novel perpetu ating his convictions of democratic Socialism. (Zwerdling, 20). Lenin became leader and teacher of the working class in Russia, and their determination to struggle against capitalism. Like Old Major, Lenin and Marx wrote essays and gave speeches to the working class poor. The working class in Russia, as compared with the barnyard animals in Animal Farm, were a laboring class of people that received low wages for their work. Like the animals in the farm yard, the people is Russia thought there would be no oppression in a new society because the working class people (or animals) would own all the riches and hold all the power. (Golubeva and Gellerstein 168). Another character represented in the book is Farmer Jones. He represents the symbol of the Czar Nicholas in Russia who treated his people like Farmer Jones treated his animals. The animal rebellion on the farm was started because Farmer Jones was a drunk who never took care of the animals and who came home one night, left the gat e open and the animals rebelled. Czar Nicholas was a very weak man who treated his people similar to how Farmer Jones treated his animals. The Czar made his working class people very mad with the way he wielded his authority and preached all the time, and the people suffered and finally demanded reform by rebelling. The Czar said ?The law will henceforward be respected and obeyed not only by the nation but also the authority that rules it - and that the law would stand above the changing views of the individual instruments of the supreme power.? (Pares 420). The animal Napoleon can be compared as a character representing Stalin in Russia. Both were very mean looking, didn't talk very much but always got what they wanted through force. In one part of the book Napoleon charged the dogs on Snowball, another animal. Stalin became the Soviet Leader after the death of Lenin. He was underestimated by his opponents who always became his victims, and he had one of the most ruthless, regimes in history. In was not till very many years later that the world found out about the many deaths that Stalin created in Russia during the Revolution. For almost 50 years the world thought that the Nazis had done the killing in Russia, when in fact it was Stalin. (Imse 2). The last characters that are symbolic of each other are the animal Snowball with the Russian leader Trotsky. Snowball was very enthusiastic and was a leader who organized the defense of the farm. He gave speeches and instructions but was not very beneficial. All the other animals liked him, but he was outsmarted by Napoleon. Trotsky and Stalin's relationship was very much like Snowball's and Napoleons. Trotsky organized the Red Army and gave speeches and everyone in Russia thought he would win power over Stalin. After Lenin's death Trotsky lost all his power to Stalin and was expelled from the communist party. He was at one time considered the second most powerful man in Russia. (Trotsky? Comptons 290). Besides ch aracters there are many items that can be compared as symbols in the book and

Free Essays on The Womens Advantage

The Women’s Advantage It seems that in times before the women’s movement, women weren’t thought of by men to be capable of being self sufficient. All a woman could do and was expected to do before today’s times was to get married, take care of the children and the house, cook meals, and do anything and everything her husband asked of her. Women weren’t expected to get a detailed education like men would. Men would often treat their wives like children making them listen and obey every command that was given. Women were often looked at as weak and incapable of intelligent thought. Because women were thought of this way, they thought this way as well pretty much until the women’s movement. These views become apparent in the readings of â€Å"A Doll’s House,† and â€Å"Trifles.† In â€Å"A Doll’s House,† a controlling father and a controlling husband treat a young lady like a child, and in turn she grows up acting like a child, or doesn’t grow up at all. Torvold, the controlling husband, talks to his wife, Nora, as if she were a child. By her being treated like this all of her life, she acted as if she were a child. This becomes more and more apparent throughout the play until the very end. It starts off by Torvold getting sick and needing to take a long vacation, which is the only thing that can save his life. Knowing this, Nora took him away for a while so that he can relax and not focus on anything. They didn’t have the money to do such a thing so Nora had to secretly borrow money from a man by the name of Krogstad. Throughout the play, Torvold finds out that Krogstad had borrowed money in the past. Torvold didn’t think it was right to spend money you didn’t have or that wasn’t your own and had said that it made him physically sick to be around such people. Knowing this, Nora tries as hard as she can to keep the secret from him so that he won’t feel the same way towards her. This is one of the many child... Free Essays on The Women's Advantage Free Essays on The Women's Advantage The Women’s Advantage It seems that in times before the women’s movement, women weren’t thought of by men to be capable of being self sufficient. All a woman could do and was expected to do before today’s times was to get married, take care of the children and the house, cook meals, and do anything and everything her husband asked of her. Women weren’t expected to get a detailed education like men would. Men would often treat their wives like children making them listen and obey every command that was given. Women were often looked at as weak and incapable of intelligent thought. Because women were thought of this way, they thought this way as well pretty much until the women’s movement. These views become apparent in the readings of â€Å"A Doll’s House,† and â€Å"Trifles.† In â€Å"A Doll’s House,† a controlling father and a controlling husband treat a young lady like a child, and in turn she grows up acting like a child, or doesn’t grow up at all. Torvold, the controlling husband, talks to his wife, Nora, as if she were a child. By her being treated like this all of her life, she acted as if she were a child. This becomes more and more apparent throughout the play until the very end. It starts off by Torvold getting sick and needing to take a long vacation, which is the only thing that can save his life. Knowing this, Nora took him away for a while so that he can relax and not focus on anything. They didn’t have the money to do such a thing so Nora had to secretly borrow money from a man by the name of Krogstad. Throughout the play, Torvold finds out that Krogstad had borrowed money in the past. Torvold didn’t think it was right to spend money you didn’t have or that wasn’t your own and had said that it made him physically sick to be around such people. Knowing this, Nora tries as hard as she can to keep the secret from him so that he won’t feel the same way towards her. This is one of the many child...

Does Proper Education On Pros And Cons Of Neonatal Circumcision Help Research Paper

Does Proper Education On Pros And Cons Of Neonatal Circumcision Help Parents Make A Better Decision On The Procedure - Research Paper Example In the United States, more than half of newborn male babies are circumcised although the numbers have been dwindling in current times (Androus, 2011). Notably, there are no religious or medical reasons compelling the parents who circumcise their male babies to do so, implying these circumcisions are nonmedical and non-religious. Whether there should be educational programs guide parents on neonatal circumcision and its benefits and cons has been the subject of heated debates in the health sector and the public sphere for quite some time pitting the opponents and the proponents of education on neonatal circumcision against each other. While some support neonatal circumcision as good for newborns’ health, others oppose it, making parents even more confused about the procedure. They hence make decisions on neonatal circumcision based on what their friends and relatives feel, think, and say. That is, their decision is not influenced by well-informed expert opinion; rather, it is t he emotionality with which their friends and relatives advise them that determines their decision (Aston, 2002). For parents to have a good understanding and perception of neonatal circumcision and its pros and cons and to make the right decisions, education and other awareness programs are highly recommended (Aston, 2002). That neonatal circumcision has become a rather controversial and fiercely debated health and social issue is evident in the many literary works that research and publish on neonatal circumcision. Literature Review A quick review of literatures available on neonatal circumcision and circumcision in general reveals that both the pros and cons of neonatal circumcision have been covered in equal measures. Specifically, a lot of literatures covering the pros and cons of neonatal circumcision touch on its health care implications. There are several advantages newborn male babies and their parents could derive from neonatal circumcision. First, neonatal circumcision is an easier procedure compared to later life circumcision since the circumcised penis is allegedly easier to care for in early stages of growth and development. Second, circumcised babies report less incidences of urinary tract infections compared to uncircumcised children. The other general benefits of circumcised penis are greater extent of protection against sexually-transmitted diseases, penile cancer, and future complications such as failure to retract the foreskin and tight foreskin (Cheng et al., 2006). Literatures also cover the cons of neonatal circumcision for which mothers should not circumcise newborn babies. These disadvantages include infections, excessive bleeding during the procedure, and accidental snipping of the glans or disproportional cutting of the foreskin so that it becomes either quite long or short. There could also be complications such as penile adhesions, scars, and tags that may necessitate surgery in future. Newborn male babies may also react adversely t o anesthetic medications used in neonatal circumcision procedures. Removing the foreskin could also make these babies’ private parts prone to stresses and friction as the glans would not be shielded from friction from clothing and kept moist and sensitive (Cheng et al., 2006). As mentioned earlier, opinions vary on the pros and cons of neonatal circumcision and it is imperative that parents seek divergent opinions on the matter before authorizing its performance on their newborns (Cheng et al., 20

Managing Ethichs and Social responsibility Research Paper

Managing Ethichs and Social responsibility - Research Paper Example In relation to the conception of business ethics along with social responsibility, Business Ethic Management (BEM) is viewed to be a process of analysing as well as minimising ethical issues or problems with the application of certain specific programs and effectual practices. There are varied important elements that are applied by different organisations for minimising ethical problems or issues that include formulating effectual mission statements and establishing standard code of ethics. It has been apparently observed that the people involved with an organisation are provided with business ethics related education as well as training in order to effectively operate their respective business activities in accordance with organisational objectives. Moreover, business operations of an organisation are required to be audited as well as reported in an appropriate manner in order to effectively analyze business performances by a significant level (University of Bahrain, n.d.). News Int ernational or NI Group Ltd (NI) is regarded as one of the renowned as well as the biggest publishers of famous British newspapers. The well-known newspapers published by NI are The Sunday Times and The Times. These newspapers which publish by the organisation are considered to be the best in consideration to quality. Furthermore, another well-known newspaper of the organisation named The Sun is regarded to be one of the most read newspapers in the UK that accounts to seven million readers per day (NI Group Limited, 2012). This discussion will emphasize upon analysing ethical as well as social issues that faced by NI. Moreover, the discussion will further focus upon the techniques as well as the standards that adopted by the organisation in minimising all these identified issues that are pertaining within the organisation. Ethical and Social Issues of NI NI is one the famous newspaper publisher in the UK that faced several issues or problems which have been identified to hamper the p erformances as well as the business ethics of the organisation at large. The organisation has faced the problems due to corrupt practices that were performed for investigating certain crime related activities or news reports. The major ethical problem that faced by the organisation is the phone-hacking investigation procedure. Moreover, the staff members of the organisation were also alleged that they were involved in accessing messages of general public along with comprising the celebrities as well as the politicians (Davies, 2009). Furthermore, one of the staff members named Clive Goodman as well as two other members of NI was identified to be involved in tapping the phone calls of Prince William, a member of royal family (Day, 2006). There was another event that hampered the ethical standards of the organisation considering the case of Milly Dowler who was murdered. In regard to this case, the members of NI were alleged that they erased messages from Milly Dowler’s mobile phone with the intention of acquiring future messages (Muller, 2012). Furthermore, the organisation is also charged with the crime of providing bribery to public officials for acquiring important information

Siren Song Essay Example for Free

Siren Song Essay The progressing theme of Yeats poem Easter 1916 is one which moves from the perspective of a pacifist lamenting the horrors and cost of violence, to an activist who has been so deeply impacted by the deaths of those around him who rose to action, that he is ready to act, violently if necessary, himself. In the poems opening, the speaker admits that he has very little familiarity with those who are considered revolutionaries. He remarks that I have passed with a nod of the head/Or polite meaningless words,/Or have lingered awhile and said/Polite meaningless words, (Yeats) which indicates not only that the speaker is disengaged from the revolutionaries at a political level, but also that the speaker has taken refuge in societal manners and mores. The implication of the repeated word polite is that the speaker of the poem is a good citizen, a law-abiding man with manners and social sensibilities. The ensuing stanzas of the poem trace the realization on behalf of the poems speaker that each of the revolutionaries who were killed were, themselves, good citizens, with manners and polite etiquette. In other words, the speaker of the poem begins to realize the revolutionaries are just like him: That womans days were spent/ In ignorant good-will, (Yeats) or This man had kept a school/And rode our winged horse; (Yeats) so that the speaker begins to see that his own lot is tied up with those he had previously tried to ignore. The strategy of presenting the poem in this fashion is to allow the reader of the poem, also, to make the same emotional journey as the poems speaker, moving from detached ambivalence to involved emotionality. One of the most powerful devices is its modulated refrain which reveals variations of the sudden emotional shift in the poems speaker: All changed, changed utterly:/A terrible beauty is born. (Yeats). The refrain indicates that violence or the will to do violence is terrible; but the communal reality of a shared community, race, and nation represents beauty and is, as such, an irresistible Siren Song and it is this observation in the poem that hits at the poems true anit-war theme: demonstrating that a nation, a race, a people cannot be broken or occupied without consequence.

Sorting Through Education :: Classrooms School Learning Essays

Sorting Through Education "The whole world’s a classroom, and to really make it one, the first thing is to believe it is." (62) This quote is from Jon Spayde’s article entitled "Learning in the Key of Life" in which he discusses education outside of the classroom. Education is a word that encompasses all new knowledge that a person receives. This includes learning to walk and talk as a child, learning to read and write, learning to make friends and how to keep them. We receive an education everyday starting the minute we wake up. Some knowledge is practical, such as cooking and working effectively with others, and other knowledge is philosophical such as complicated mathematical theorems and Protegra’s idea that "Man is the measure of all things." The question now becomes which type of knowledge is more important, practical or philosophical? My challenge to the reader is to try to see these two ideas as a weighted balance. Both sides are equally important and each enriches the other. If there is enough of both everything tends to balance nicely with each idea corresponding with another. What happens if learning and education focuses more on one then the other? The scale is then lopsided. The more extreme the tilt toward one type of education, the more extreme that life is. For example, a person who can pass any test they take with flying colors but can not use a map to find thier way around. That person is book smart but has no common sense. Let’s look at what is referred to often as "street smarts" or common sense. Street smarts are those things that are learned outside the classroom such as how to communicate with people and how to survive in the every day world. This practical knowledge is extremely important to learn. Everyday we go out we usually learn something that is useful to us as humans. For example, let us take a looks at a man known as Edward. Edward was tiling a roof as child with his father. A piece of paper flew off the roof and Edward, being a little boy, tried to jump off after it. His father stopped him and Edward learned an important lesson that day on impulsiveness. He now knows to think before acting. Other examples of learning through experience are: we learn to read through magazines and comics as seen in Mike Rose's article "Lives on the Boundry.

Community Based Ecotourism Project in Ghana

Course Name Student name: |Assessment No: |Module Level: |Module Tutor: | |Cristina, Selam and Sofia |1 of 2 |5 |Birte Schmitz | |Module: Principles of Tourism Planning |Assessment Method: |Weighting: |Date of submission: | |and Development | | | | | |Group Executive Summary and |50% (25% executive summary and |As per AR1 | | |Presentation |25% presentation) | | |Length: |20 minutes for the presentation | | |2000 words plus tables and charts (10-12 pages executive summary) | |Learning outcomes assessed: |Assess the impacts of tourism planning. | | |Assess the limitations of tourism planning. | |Identify the various stages of the planning process | |Skills Mapped: |Group working | | |Research Strategy | | |Creative & innovative thinking | Feedback |Assessment Criteria |Weight |Strength |Areas of Improvement | |% | | | |Conduct a stakeholder analysis |30 | | | |discuss how your proposed product | | | | |may positively & negatively affect | | | | |their lives within the count ry. | | | | |How might any negative impacts be minimised? | | | |Highlight the positive and negative |30 | | | |socio-cultural, environmental | | | | |and economic impacts of | | | | |developing your product. | | | | |Work effectively as part of a team. 10 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Hand in a well written executive summary, which is |10 | | | |spell checked, referenced within the text, has a | | | | |biography and does not include poor grammar. Marks | | | | |will be deducted otherwise. | | | | |Self Presentation – please see hand in guidelines. 20 | | | |Marks will be deducted for poor report format, | | | | |spelling & grammar, lack of in-text referencing and | | | | |incorrectly formatted bibliography | | | | |Deductions: Late Submission | | | | |Deductions : No Front Sheet | | | | |Total mark out of 100% | | | | Subject to ratification at the validating University Subject Board Community-based Ecotourism Project in Deme village in Ghana [pic] Cristina Aldea, Selam Misghin a and Sofia Whyte Summary This report analyses the development plan of a community-based tourism product of a village in Ghana. It provides a brief description of the chosen site; mid and long term development plans and impacts. It also conducts a stakeholder’s analysis and highlights strategies to ensure sustainability, cooperation with local government and indicates how demonstration effects may be minimised. List of contents 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. pg. 3 2. Mid and long term development plans†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ pg. 6 1. Table: Mid term development plans†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. pg. 6 2. 2 Table: Long term development plans†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦pg. 7 3. Impacts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ pg. 7 4. Model approach to sustainable tourism product†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ pg. 8 5. Strategies to ensure sustainability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ pg. 9 1. Table: Highlighted strategies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. pg. 10 6. Stakeholder analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. pg. 10 7. Strategies to ensure cooperation with the local government†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. pg. 1 1. Human Resources in tourism development†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦pg. 12 2. Education and training†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. pg. 12 8. Avoiding demonstration effects†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦pg. 13 9. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦.. pg. 14 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. pg. 15 1. Introduction Ghana is a country in West Africa with a population of 21 million people, and often labelled â€Å"Africa for beginners†, home to a number of diverse people and cultures, all finding ways to live together in a rapidly developing and modernizing country. (Lonely Planet). Fig. 1: Map of Ghana [pic] Source: AddictedtoTravel, 2009 Volta Region is situated in the East part of Ghana. Highlights of this region are the massive man-made Volta Lake, the largest in the world and the tallest mountain in West Africa, Mount Afadjato (885m). (Addictedtotravel, 2009). The Hohoe (ho-we) District is one of the 17 districts of Volta Region in Ghana and was created in 1979 and the major ethnic groups here are Ewes, Akpafu/Lolobi, Santrokofi, Likpe, Logba, Tafi and Nyagbo, with a population of around 144,500, in 2000. The total number of households in the Hohoe stands at 32844, with 7172 living in the urban area whiles the rest of 25672 live in the rural area. (Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development, Ghana and Maks Publications & Media Services, 2006). Fig. 2: Hohoe in Ghana [pic] Source: Hebert, 2009. Deme village is the chosen site for the development of this community-based tourism project and is located in Hohoe District. The area is surrounded by tropical forest, home for different amazing species of monkeys, exotic birds, bucks and buffalos. The wonderful diversity of nature is not the main attraction here, the historical heritage and vibrant cultural identity is instead. Every year in November there is the celebration of the Gbidokor Festival of the Gbi-Ewes, where chiefs of the two tribes, the Gbi and the Ewe, wearing traditional colourful costumes are carried in palanquins, surrounded by drumming and dances of the local people. The population of this village is part of Ewe ethnic group, and the majority of people speak Ewe language, and the majority of the youngsters speaking English as well. (Ghana Tourism Board, 2008). Fig 3: Deme village in Hohoe, Ghana [pic] Source: fallingrain. com, 2009 This project seeks to help the people of Deme village to generate income from tourism in order to alleviate the poverty level of their community, to provide basic facilities for living conditions, to educate and encourage the locals to preserve the natural resources and endangered animal species and to promote the unique culture and traditions of the Ewe tribe that most of the locals belong to. The current tourism provision in Deme village is inexistent, but the tourism statistics of the Hohoe area show that an increasing number of visitors are becoming interested in the natural and cultural beauty of this district. Touristy attractions that are close to Deme, such as Tafi-Atome Monkey Sanctuary and Mole National Park registered a number of approximately 97,129 arrivals in 2007. (Ghana Tourism Board, 2009). 1. Mid and long term development plans The idea of this community-based ecotourism project is to create a place where tourists can experience real rural African village life by staying in the village itself and taking part in its daily activities and traditions. Table 2. 1: Mid term development plans (2010-2015) |Introducing the idea of developing eco-tourism to the local people. |Educating local people to come in contact with tourists, to take pride in their culture and traditions, even though| |the economic resources are limited. | |Come in contact with the local gover nment and try to obtain funding and their involvement. | |Building an eco-lodge to accommodate tourists (10 basic huts), toilets, a small eating place; electricity | |facilities, clean drinking water and first aid care are also priorities. | |Organising volunteering placements programmes for people who would like to get involved in this project (such as | |students, teachers). | |Creating a community fund and raise awareness of the programme in order to obtain sponsorships (from charity | |foundations, Ghana Tourism Board). |Come in contact with niche travel agents and the Regional and National Tourism Boards in order to promote the | |tourism product, such as Jolinaiko Eco Tours and Ghana Tourism Board. | |Create community experiences that tourists can take part when visiting the village (ex. : fishing with the locals, | |learning how to weave a mat or a basket, learn the dancing moves of the Ewe tribe, meeting the storyteller of the | |village, etc. ). | (Jolinaiko Eco Tours, 2009 ). Table 2. 2: Long term development plans (2015-2020) |Maintain the tourism product authentic and sustainable and try to minimise the negative impacts, if these occur. | |Introduce other community experiences, such as excursions. |Building a community centre and a school in the village. | 2. Impacts Tourism, as a form of human activity, takes place in an environment, which is made up of both human and natural factors, and can have major impacts. Impacts can be positive or/and negative, and are usually referred as economic, environmental and socio-cultural. (Mason, 2003). The development of the community-based ecotourism project of Deme village can trigger a series of impacts. Economic impacts include: †¢ Reduce the poverty level of the community through generating jobs for the locals (also avoid money leakage). †¢ Contribution to the community development. †¢ Over-dependence on tourism. Socio-cultural impacts, according Burns and Holden (1995, cited in Mason, 2003), â€Å"are greatest when there is a large contrast between the culture of the receiving society and the origin culture†, and these are: †¢ Preserve the traditional cultural activities of the Ewe tribe and the unique lifestyle †¢ Educating the local people (regarding taking pride in teaching their culture and traditions and act as hosts to visitors; the income earned by the locals through tourism is used to send their children to school) †¢ Avoid migration of the local youngsters in order to preserve the unique culture and customs and transmit it from generation to generation (through generating jobs and a higher quality of life) †¢ Overcrowding (causing stress for both visitors and locals) †¢ Demonstration effects (behavioural changes of the local people through observing the behaviour of the tourists and wanting to adopt it). Environmental impacts include: †¢ Educate the locals to act in consideration with preserving the natural environment and the endangered species of animals †¢ Pollution (air pollution, solid waste, litter, noise) †¢ Damage or/and disturbance of wildlife habitats †¢ Over-fishing (community experiences include fishing with the locals in the Volta Lake) †¢ Footpath erosion In order to reduce some of the negative impacts listed above, the tourism product needs to be sustainable developed. (Mason, 2003). 4. Model approach to sustainable tourism product The sustainable development strategy is defined by Brundtland (WCED 1987 p. 49 cited in Hall, 2008) as â€Å"sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs†. The ecotourism project of Deme has been planned having sustainability and minimizing the possibly negative impacts as the main concern. It is vital for this poor community that tourism activity is planned sustainable. The development plan was made following the community approach of Murphy (1985, cited in Hall, 2008), who promotes â€Å"the use of an ecological approach to tourism planning that emphasised the need for local control over the development process†. So, the local people are at the centre of this small scale tourism project, which directly benefit from it, and the environment will be slightly modified and preserved. There will be a small number of tourists visiting that will be accommodated in 10 basic clay-made huts, an eating place serving traditional food (fish, cassava and mango dishes, using local products). Tourists can come in contact with unique experiences that involve the locals: learning how to weave a basket or a mat out of reed, learning the Ewe tribe dancing moves, go fishing with a local fisherman, and enjoy a meal with a local family. This approach will ensure that both the tourists and the locals gain a high level of satisfaction, poverty is eradicated and tourism in Deme is sustainable. (Hall, 2008). 5. Strategies to ensure sustainability To ensure sustainability there must be strategies because sustainability in tourism development is really important. Sustainability strategy has to connect with all stakeholders in the tourism planning so the developed tourism can have a future. The sustainable development has to guarantee that the natural, cultural and all other resources of tourism are preserved for stable use in the future, at the same time as bringing benefits to the local community. (Inskeep, 1994). Table 5. 1: Highlighted strategies: |Save energy by reduce emission through renewable energy sources. |Encourage efficient use of natural and local resources. | |Support the sustainable use of land. | |Protect and develop biodiversity. | |Constantly informing the visitors. | |Encourage environmental education a nd community involvement | 6. Stakeholders analysis According to Hall (2008), stakeholders are â€Å"individuals, groups or/and organisations with an interest on an issue, problem or outcome that are directly influenced or affected by the actions or non-actions taken by others to resolve the problem or issue†. Stakeholders in Deme are people with an interest and directly involved in the tourism activity of the village. They are: the local community (fishermen, the boat makers, the eating place owner, the traditional ewe-an crafts vendors, the local tourist guides, the youngsters of the village), Ghana Tourism Board, the local and national government and the travel agent that will market the tourism product and will make the bookings. The local community is the main stakeholder involved in this tourism project, because the tourism product offered is local community experiences, which means that everybody is involved. Directly earning income from this tourism project will be: the locals working on building the facilities for accommodating tourists, the locals taking part in teaching the tourists about the customs and traditions of the Ewe tribe (basket weavers, the dancers), fishermen that will supply the eating place, and will also act as tourist guides, the boat makers. The youngsters of the village will benefit indirectly through educational programmes that will teach them about sustainable tourism and how to protect the environment and their local traditions and culture. This tourism project will positively affect and change the lives of the locals. Negative impacts might be over-dependence on tourism and tourism activity not constant. This is why the planning process needs to take into consideration these aspects and make sure the influx of tourists is constant. Ghana Tourism Board will benefit through internationally raising awareness on tourism business in Ghana, the local/national government through taxes from the tourists/ taxes from the locals. This tourism product will be sold to the tourists through an independent niche travel agent who will benefit and make profit from the tourists that will book their holidays with them. (Hall and Richards, 2003). 7. Strategies to ensure cooperation with the local government The regulation of tourist development is determined by policies, which together inform an overall set of planning principles for the area being planned. The determination of these policies is based on several considerations. Thus, the form which tourism planning takes will be influenced by general government policies and private sector policies. Cited in Elm Publications (2002) page: 6-1 Ghana’s government has a role to play in formulating appropriate policies and strategies for human resource development in tourism. Support for continental and regional structures are part of this, but it is also necessary to encourage private initiatives and, in particular, Ghanaian entrepreneurs. Properly conceived, government interventions in the tourism sector can play an important catalytic role. It is important, for example, to create institutional mechanisms that bring together governments and private entrepreneurs, thus avoiding damage that may be caused if they work at cross purposes. Cited in CABI (2001) page: 73 The problems in Ghana’s tourism are closely related to structural imbalances in its overall development pattern. There are no clear strategies for development in general or for tourism in particular, and tourism has not been integrated with other economic sectors. The economic crisis and the need to provide more employment compel governments to speed up replacement of expatriate senior staff by nationals. Cited in CABI (2001) page: 66, 68 7. 1 Human Resource (HR) in tourism development HR development in tourism is aimed at reducing dependence on import personnel and replacing them with workers from local areas. This requires an understanding of the market for labour in the tourism industry, and an awareness of quantitative and qualitative requirements of the industry. Cited in CABI (2001) page: 68, 72 7. 2 Education and Training It is important to emphasize in Ghanaian tourism, cooperation is especially urgent in education and training, as well as in a wide range of skills, including management and information technology. This should not be confined to the formal education system. While formal training is obviously important, it may often be more beneficial and most cost-effective, in practice, to focus on informal training, either on the job or through programmes carefully tailored to meet defined objectives and targeted at specific types of individuals. Cited in CABI (2001) page: 73 8. Avoiding demonstration effects Demonstration effect is seen as a socio-cultural impact regarding the tourism activity and is referred to as the behavioural changes in the resident population when coming in contact with tourists. The impacts are greater when the culture of the host community and the tourists is very different. This situation can have negative effects especially on the young host community who becomes resentful because they are unable to obtain the goods and lifestyle demonstrated by the visitors. (Burns and Holden, 1995). The demonstration effect may encourage youngsters to migrate from rural areas in search for the lifestyle from urban areas â€Å"demonstrated† by the tourists. (Mason, 2003). Demonstration effects in Deme village will be minimal because this is a small-scale project and the number of tourists visiting the area will be controlled by the travel agent involved in this project. Anyhow, the demonstration effect involves the individual perception of the locals upon the tourists’ behaviour and it is not something that can be measured and totally controlled. This could be minimal if locals are taught about the important value of their culture and that they should be proud of being part of the unique environment that surrounds them, and also the effects of globalization. Educational programmes should help minimise demonstration effects, together with sustainable development. (Mason, 2003). 9. Conclusion This case study report has analysed the development plan of a community-based ecotourism project in Ghana. The development plan of Deme village has been conducted having the community as the main resource for tourism. The local people are involved in all aspects of tourism activity in order to break the poverty barriers that enable the community to have a decent lifestyle. The local government is involved through educational programmes which will help the local community avoid demonstration effects and preserve the natural and cultural environment of Ewe tribe and Deme village. Bibliography Books Hall M (2008), Tourism Planning. Policies, Processes and Relationships 2nd ed. England, Pearson Education Hall D. and Richards G. (2003) Tourism and sustainable community development, New York, Routledge Ham et al. West Africa Lonely Planet Harrison D (2001), Tourism and the Less Developed World, Oxon, CABI Publishing Inskeep E (1994), National and Regional Tourism Planning. Methodologies and case studies, London, International Thomson Business Press Lavery P (2002), Tourism Planning, Huntingdon, ELM Publications Mason P. 2003) Tourism Impacts, Planning and Management, Oxford, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann Nault H. W (1992), The World Book Encyclopaedia, Chicago, World Book Inc. Journals Herbert A. (2009), CSS. Volunteer: My Journey to Ghana, Africa available at: http:// www. ccsvolunteers. blogspot. com/ (accessed at: 21/11/2009) Websites http://www. addictedtotravel. com/travel-guides/countries/ghana-travel-guide (accessed at 21/11/2009) http://www. addictedtotravel. com/places-to-visit/lake-volta_ghana-travel-guide (accessed at 21/11/2009) http://www. fallingrain. com/world/GH/0/DEME6. html (accessed at 21/11/2009) http://www. fipawa. ch/img/test2. jpg (accessed at 21/11/2009)

The Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

The Regents of the University of California v. Allan Bakke (1978), was a landmark case decided by the United States Supreme Court. The decision had historical and legal significance because it upheld affirmative action, declaring that race could be one of several determining factors in college admission policies, but rejected the use of racial quotas. Fast Facts: Regents of the University of California v. Bakke Case Argued: Oct. 12, 1977Decision Issued: June 26, 1978Petitioner: Regents of the University of CaliforniaRespondent: Allan Bakke, a 35-year-old white man who had applied twice for admission to the University of California Medical School at Davis and was rejected both timesKey Question: Did the University of California violate the 14th Amendments Equal Protection Clause, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, by practicing an affirmative action policy that resulted in the repeated rejection of Bakkes application for admission to its medical school?Majority Decision: Justices Burger, Brennan, Stewart, Marshall, Blackman, Powell, Rehnquist, StevensDissenting: Justice WhiteRuling: The Supreme Court upheld affirmative action, ruling that race could be one of several determining factors in college admission policies, but it rejected the use of racial quotas as unconstitutional. Case History In the early 1970s, many colleges and universities across America were in the beginning stages of making major changes to their admissions programs in an effort to diversify the student body by increasing the number of minority students on campus. This effort was particularly challenging due to the 1970s massive increase of students applying to medical and law schools. It increased the competition and negatively impacted the efforts to create campus environments that promoted equality and diversity. Admission policies that relied predominantly on candidates grades and test scores was an unrealistic approach for the schools that wanted to increase the minority population on campus.   Dual Admission Programs In 1970, the University of California Davis School of Medicine (UCD) was receiving 3,700 applicants for a mere 100 openings. At the same time, UCD administrators were committed to working with an affirmative action plan often referred to as a quota or set-aside program. It was set up with two admissions programs in order to increase the number of disadvantaged students admitted to the school.  There was the regular admissions program and the special admissions program.Each year 16 out of 100 places were reserved for disadvantaged students and minorities including (as stated by the university), blacks, Chicanos, Asians, and American Indians. Regular Admissions Program Candidates who quailed for the regular admissions program had to have an undergraduate grade point average (GPA) above 2.5. Some of the qualifying candidates were then interviewed. Those who passed were given a score based on their performance on the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT), science grades, extracurricular activities, recommendations, awards and other criteria that made up their benchmark scores. An admissions committee would then make a decision on which candidates would be accepted into the school. Special Admissions Program Candidates accepted into the special admissions programs were minorities or those who were economically or educationally disadvantaged. The special admissions candidates did not have to have a grade point average above 2.5 and they did not compete with the benchmark scores of the regular admission applicants.   From the time that the dual admissions program was implemented the 16 reserved spots were filled by minorities, despite the fact that many white applicants applied for the special disadvantaged program. Allan Bakke In 1972, Allan Bakke was a 32-year-old white male working as an engineer at NASA, when he decided to pursue his interest in medicine. Ten years earlier, Bakke had graduated from the University of Minnesota with a degree in mechanical engineering and a grade-point average of 3.51 out of 4.0 and was asked to join the national mechanical engineering honor society. He then joined the U.S. Marine Corps for four years which included a seven-month combat tour of duty in Vietnam. In 1967, he became a captain and was given an honorable discharge. After leaving the Marines he went to work for National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) as a research engineer.   Bakke continued going to school and in June 1970, he earned his masters degree in mechanical engineering, but despite this, his interest in medicine continued to grow. He was missing some of chemistry and biology courses required for admission into medical school so he attended night classes at San Jose State University and Stanford University. He completed all the prerequisites and had an overall GPA of 3.46. During this time he worked part-time as a volunteer in the emergency room at El Camino Hospital in Mountain View, California. He scored an overall 72 on the MCAT, which was three points higher than the average applicant to UCD and 39 points higher than the average special program applicant. In 1972, Bakke applied to UCD. His biggest concern was being rejected due to his age. He had surveyed 11 medical schools; all who said that he was over their their age limit. Age discrimination was not an issue in the 1970s. In March he was invited to interview with Dr. Theodore West who described Bakke as a very desirable applicant who he recommended.  Two months later, Bakke received his rejection letter. Angered by how the special admissions program was being managed, Bakke contacted his lawyer, Reynold H. Colvin, who prepared a letter for Bakke to give to the medical schools chairman of the admissions committee, Dr. George Lowrey. The letter, which was sent in late May, included a request that Bakke was placed on the wait-list and that he could register during the fall of 1973 and take courses until an opening became available. When Lowrey failed to reply, Covin prepared a second letter in which he asked the chairman if the special admissions program was an illegal racial quota. Bakke was then invited to meet with Lowreys assistant, 34-year-old Peter Storandt so that the two could discuss why he was rejected from the program and to advise him to apply again. He suggested that if he was rejected again he may want to take UCD to court; Storandt had a few names of lawyers that could possibly help him if he decided to go in that direction. Storandt was later disciplined and demoted for displaying unprofessional behavior when meeting with Bakke. In August 1973, Bakke applied for early admission into UCD. During the interview process, Lowery was the second interviewer. He gave Bakke an 86 which was the lowest score Lowery had given out that year. Bakke received his second rejection letter from UCD at the end of September 1973. The following month, Colvin filed a complaint on Bakkes behalf with HEWs Office of Civil Rights, but when HEW failed to send a timely response, Bakke decided to move forward. On June 20, 1974, Colvin brought suit on behalf of Bakke in Yolo County Superior Court. The complaint included a request that UCD admit Bakke into its program because the special admissions program rejected him because of his race. Bakke alleged that the special admissions process violated the U.S. Constitutions Fourteenth Amendment, the California Constitutions article I, section 21, and Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.   UCDs counsel filed a cross-declaration and asked the judge to find that the special program was constitutional and legal. They argued that Bakke would not have been admitted even if there had been no seats set aside for minorities.   On November 20, 1974, Judge Manker found the program unconstitutional and in violation of Title VI, no race or ethnic group should ever be granted privileges or immunities not given to every other race. Manker did not order to admit Bakke to UCD, but rather that the school reconsiders his application under a system that did not make determinations based on race. Both Bakke and the university appealed the judges ruling. Bakke because it was not ordered that he be admitted to UCD and the university because the special admissions program was ruled unconstitutional.   Supreme Court of California Due to the seriousness of the case, the Supreme Court of California ordered that the appeals be transferred to it. Having gained a reputation as being one of the most liberal appellate courts, it was assumed by many that it would rule on the side of the university. Surprisingly, the court upheld the lower-court ruling in a six to one vote. Justice Stanley Mosk wrote, No applicant may be rejected because of his race, in favor of another who is less qualified, as measured by standards applied without regard to race.   The lone dissenter, Justice Matthew O. Tobriner wrote, It is anomalous that the Fourteenth Amendment that served as the basis for the requirement that elementary and secondary schools be compelled to integrate should now be turned around to forbid graduate schools from voluntarily seeking that very objective. The court ruled that the university could no longer use race in the admissions process. It ordered that the university provide proof that Bakkes application would have been rejected under a program that was not based on race. When the university admitted that it would be unable to provide the proof, the ruling was amended to order Bakkes admission into the medical school.   That order, however, was stayed by U.S. Supreme Court in November 1976, pending the outcome of the petition for a writ of certiorari to be filed by the Regents of the University of California to the U.S. Supreme Court. The university filed a petition for writ of certiorari the following month.